1. THE CELL Dr. Jobe Martin www.evolutionofacreationist.com www.biblicaldiscipleship.org

2. CELL: The basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.

3. Secular Humanism Marxism/ Leninism Cosmic Humanism Biblical Christianity Sources: Humanist Manifestos I, II Writings of Marx and Lenin New Age writers: Ferguson, Bailey Bible Theology Atheism PantheismTheism Philosophy NaturalismDialectical Materialism Non-NaturalismSupernaturalism Ethics RelativismProletariat MoralityRelativismAbsolutes Biology Evolution CREATION Psychology Self-actualizationBehaviorismCollective Consciousness Mind-Body Dualism Sociology Non-Traditional Family Abolition of Home Church and State Non-Tradition Home Church and State Traditional Home Church State Law Positive Law Self-LawBiblical Law Politics World Gov. (Globalism) New World OrderNew Age OrderJustice, Freedom Order Economics Socialism Enlightened Production Stewardship Private Prop. History Historical Evolution Historical Materialism Evolutionary Godhood Historical Resurrection Postmod Islam

5. Values Respect for lifeWealth Truth“Fruit of the Spirit” Happiness HealthLoyalty Worldview A set of beliefs or ideas / a system of thought EthicsBiologyPsychology PhilosophyTheology PoliticsEconomicsHistory Law Sociology “For as he thinketh in his heart, so is he.” Proverbs 23:7 Behavior www.summit.org Summit Ministries Manitou Spgs. CO

8. BIOGENESIS How does a cell get “life?”How does a cell get “life?” The Law of Biogenesis states that life can only come from life.The Law of Biogenesis states that life can only come from life. Living cells give birth to living cells.Living cells give birth to living cells. Lifeless chemicals cannot combine in a manner that generates a living cell.Lifeless chemicals cannot combine in a manner that generates a living cell.

9. JOHN 14:6 “Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me.”

10. GENESIS 2:7 And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.

11. “SPONTANEOUS GENERATION” Spontaneous Generation is a foundational requirement of godless, therefore mindless, evolution.Spontaneous Generation is a foundational requirement of godless, therefore mindless, evolution. Evolutionists imagine that at one time in the distant past chemicals came together and spontaneously sprang into life with the instant ability to reproduce.Evolutionists imagine that at one time in the distant past chemicals came together and spontaneously sprang into life with the instant ability to reproduce. Thus—A living cell was spontaneously generated!Thus—A living cell was spontaneously generated!

12. IS A LIVING CELL A SIMPLE THING? The human body contains up to 75 trillion cells.The human body contains up to 75 trillion cells. There are 200 known types of cells in humans:There are 200 known types of cells in humans: Blood cellsBlood cells Bone cellsBone cells Muscle cellsMuscle cells Nerve cellsNerve cells Teeth cellsTeeth cells Skin cellsSkin cells Reproductive cellsReproductive cells All cells in humans begin with that first cell that brings one half of the genetic material from the male and one half from the female.

13. IS A LIVING CELL A SIMPLE THING? Every cell contains about 1 billion compounds.Every cell contains about 1 billion compounds. About 75 sextillion compounds per person. 21 O’sAbout 75 sextillion compounds per person. 21 O’s In the compounds are 5 million proteins.In the compounds are 5 million proteins. Each protein can have more than one function.Each protein can have more than one function. Proteins can have different electrical charges.Proteins can have different electrical charges.

14. PROTEINS IN THE CELL: Know where to go and how to get there.Know where to go and how to get there. Know when to act and how much is needed.Know when to act and how much is needed. Know how fast to react and when to stop.Know how fast to react and when to stop. Molecular surface of several proteins showing their comparative sizes. From left to right are: immunoglobulin G (IgG, an antibody), hemoglobin, insulin (a hormone), adenylate kinase (an enzyme), and glutamine synthetase (an enzyme). Source: As rendered by Grasp (Anthony Nicholls, Kim Sharp and Barry Honig, PROTEINS, Structure, Function and Genetics, Vol. 11, No. 4, 1991, pg. 281ff). Structures are from the Protein Data Bank. Accessed 6-28-11 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinimmunoglobulin Gantibody hemoglobininsulinadenylate kinaseglutamine synthetasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein

15. PLANT CELLS Animal cells and plant cells are very similar.Animal cells and plant cells are very similar. Plant cells have a few parts and factories that animal cells do not have.Plant cells have a few parts and factories that animal cells do not have. There is a cell wall over the cell membrane.There is a cell wall over the cell membrane. There are chloroplasts for photosynthesis.There are chloroplasts for photosynthesis. There is a large vacuole “storage sac.”There is a large vacuole “storage sac.”

16. Accessed on 6-23-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plant_cell_structure.png It is in public domain. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plant_cell_structure.png

17. PLANT CELLS Most scientists (evolutionary) won’t even discuss the evolution of plants because plant structure and development is so complicated that it is totally impossible to prove and document a mechanism for evolution. However, their answer is that, “Given enough TIME, anything is possible.”

18. Accessed on 6-16-2011 from: www.daviddarling.info/images/plant_cell.jpg. Used with permission. www.daviddarling.info/images/plant_cell.jpg

19. They WANT to believe a lie. They love their “delusions.”

20. Jeremiah 10:8 But they are altogether brutish and foolish; their stock is a doctrine of vanities. (KJV) But they are altogether brutish and foolish; their stock is a doctrine of vanities. (KJV) But they are altogether stupid and foolish in their discipline of delusion– their idol is wood. But they are altogether stupid and foolish in their discipline of delusion– their idol is wood. (NAS) (NAS) Lewontin quote: “ We can’t let a divine foot in the door.” Lewontin quote: “ We can’t let a divine foot in the door.” PRIDE is the chief reason for rejection of the obvious manifestations of God’s creation. PRIDE is the chief reason for rejection of the obvious manifestations of God’s creation.

21. CELL CHEMISTRY Nearly every chemical reaction is helped along by one or more of the 3000+ enzymes in our cells. Some of these reactions take only one millionth of a second. Human glyoxalase I. Two zinc ions that are needed for the enzyme to catalyze its reaction are shown as purple spheres, and an enzyme inhibitor called S-hexylglutathione is shown as a space-filling model, filling the two active sites. Accessed on 6-28-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GLO1_Homo_sapiens_small_fast.gif. The licenser does not support or endorse places where his graphic are used.glyoxalase Izincenzyme inhibitorspace-filling model http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GLO1_Homo_sapiens_small_fast.gif

22. THE BODY IS COMPOSED OF VARIOUS SYSTEMS: The Endocrine System The Endocrine System The Respiratory System The Respiratory System The Gastrointestinal System The Gastrointestinal System The Circulatory System The Circulatory System The Excretory System The Excretory System The Musculoskeletal System. The Musculoskeletal System. All of these systems function by means of the tiny living cells of which they are made—cells that know what to do and how and when to do it.

23. THE CELL, SOME PARTS: NucleusNucleus Chromosomes, GenesChromosomes, Genes Cell membraneCell membrane Organelles (factories)Organelles (factories) Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum Golgi complexesGolgi complexes Mitochondria (power generators)Mitochondria (power generators) RibosomesRibosomes CentromeresCentromeres TelomeresTelomeres Human cell structure from Bible Probe: Accessed on 6-23-11 from: www.bibleprobe.com/humancell2.jpgwww.bibleprobe.com/humancell2.jpg

24. Accessed on 6-23-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Endomembrane_system_diagram.svg. This s a free domain picture. The diagram shows an endomembrane system on a Eukaryote cell. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Endomembrane_system_diagram.svg

25. THE CELL, SOME PARTS: Nucleolus Nucleolus Nuclear pores Nuclear pores Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Lysosomes Lysosomes Peroxisomes Peroxisomes Microtubules Microtubules Microfilaments Microfilaments Centrioles Centrioles Non-directed, non- purposeful, random, accidental, chance, mindless processes over millions of years produced cells?

26. NUCLEUS A membrane-bounded sac that contains the genetic material. HeLa cells [one of the mast commonly used human cell lines] stained for DNA with the Blue Hoechst dye. The central and rightmost cell are in interphase, thus their entire nuclei are labeled. On the left, a cell is going through mitosis and its DNA has condensed ready for division. Accessed on 6-28-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus. Free Domain. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus

27. CHROMOSOME It is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells—or a rod-shaped structure in the nucleus of a cell consisting of a continuous molecule of DNA wrapped in protein. The structure of chromosomes varies widely between different organisms.It is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells—or a rod-shaped structure in the nucleus of a cell consisting of a continuous molecule of DNA wrapped in protein. The structure of chromosomes varies widely between different organisms. Humans have 23 pairs = 46 chromosomesHumans have 23 pairs = 46 chromosomes Primates have 24 pairs = 48 chromosomesPrimates have 24 pairs = 48 chromosomes If we evolved from the primates why do they have more chromosomes than we do?If we evolved from the primates why do they have more chromosomes than we do?

28. PSALM 139:16 Thine eyes did see my substance, yet being unperfect; and in thy book all my members were written, which in continuance were fashioned, when as yet there was none of them.

29. GENES Genes are sequences of DNA that specify the sequence of amino acids of particular polypeptides.Genes are sequences of DNA that specify the sequence of amino acids of particular polypeptides. Polypeptides are long polymer chains of amino acids.Polypeptides are long polymer chains of amino acids. Dipeptide component of a polypeptide. Accessed on 6-28-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:H-Gly- Ala-OH.jpg. The use of this graphic does not mean that the licenser endorses or supports organizations using it. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:H-Gly- Ala-OH.jpg

30. CELL MEMBRANE The cell membrane is certain proteins embedded in a lipid bi-layer which forms the boundary of cells.The cell membrane is certain proteins embedded in a lipid bi-layer which forms the boundary of cells. Cell membranes behave as if they have a brain of their own. They permit only certain concentrations of chemicals to enter the cell and to exit the cell.Cell membranes behave as if they have a brain of their own. They permit only certain concentrations of chemicals to enter the cell and to exit the cell. The cell membrane can distinguish between a 1/1000% and a 2/1000% solution!The cell membrane can distinguish between a 1/1000% and a 2/1000% solution!

31. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) Interconnected membranous tubules and sacs that wind from the nuclear envelope to the cell membrane.Interconnected membranous tubules and sacs that wind from the nuclear envelope to the cell membrane. “Rough ER”=Proteins are synthesized.“Rough ER”=Proteins are synthesized. “Smooth ER”=Lipids (fats) are synthesized.“Smooth ER”=Lipids (fats) are synthesized. Micrograph of rough endoplasmic reticulum network around the nucleus (shown in lower right-hand side of the picture). Dark small circles in the network are mitochondria. Accessed on 6-28-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoplasmic_reticulum. Free Domain.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoplasmic_reticulum

32. GOLGI APPARATUS: A system of flat, stacked membrane- bounded sacs where sugars are polymerized into starches or bonded to proteins or lipids.

33. MITOCHONDRION The organelle within which the reactions of cellular metabolism occur.

34. RIBOSOME A structure built of RNA (ribonuclaic acid) and protein upon which mRNA (messenger RNA) anchors during protein synthesis.

35. CENTROMERE A specifically located constriction in a chromosome. Accessed on 6-28-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chromosome.svg. The use of this graphic does not mean that the licenser endorses or supports organizations using it. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chromosome.svg

36. TELOMERE Attachments at the end of Chromosomes.Attachments at the end of Chromosomes. It is believed that with cell divisions telomeres are dropped off the end of chromosomes and are an indicator of the life span of the individual.It is believed that with cell divisions telomeres are dropped off the end of chromosomes and are an indicator of the life span of the individual.

37. PSALM 90:9-10 For all our days are passed away in thy wrath: we spend our years as a tale that is told. The days of our years are threescore years and ten; and if by reason of strength they be fourscore years, yet is their strength labour and sorrow; for it is soon cut off, and we fly away.

38. GENESIS 1:27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.

39. EXODUS 20:13 Thou shalt not kill!

40. EXODUS 21:22,23 If men strive, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart from her, and yet no mischief follow: he shall be surely punished, according as the woman’s husband will lay upon him; and he shall pay as the judges determine. And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life.

41. PSALM 139:13-15 For thou hast possessed my reins (formed my inward parts, NASB; created my inmost being, NIV): thou hast covered me (knit me together, NIV; didst weave me, NASB) in my mother’s womb. I will praise thee; for I am fearfully and wonderfully made: marvelous are thy works; and that my soul knoweth right well.

42. PROVERBS 24:11,12 If thou forebear to deliver them that are drawn unto death, and those that are ready to be slain; If thou sayest, Behold, we knew it not; doth not he that pondereth the heart consider it? and he that keepeth thy soul, doth not he know it? and shall not he render to every man according to his works?

43. JEREMIAH 1:4,5 Then the word of the Lord came unto me, saying, Before I formed thee in the belly I knew thee; and before thou camest forth out of the womb I sanctified thee, and I ordained thee a prophet unto the nations.

44. PROVERBS 31:8,9 Open thy mouth for the dumb in the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction. Open thy mouth, judge righteously, and plead the cause of the poor and needy.

45. ISAIAH 44:24,25 Thus saith the Lord, thy redeemer, and he that formed thee from the womb, I am the Lord that maketh all things; that stretcheth forth the heavens alone; that spreadeth abroad the earth by myself; That frustrateth the tokens of liars, and maketh diviners mad; that turneth wise men backward, and maketh their knowledge foolish.

46. ISAIAH 49:1 Listen, O isles, unto me; and herken, ye people, from far; The Lord hath called me from the womb; from the bowels of my mother hath he made mention of my name. Listen, O isles, unto me; and hearken, ye people, from far; The Lord hath called me from the womb; from the bowels of my mother hath he made mention of my name.

47. JOB 33:4 The spirit of God hath made me, and the breath of the Almighty hath given me life.

48. LUKE 1:15 For he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink; and he shall be filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mother’s womb. (referring to John the Baptist)

49. GALATIANS 1:15 But when it pleased God, who separated me from my mother’s womb, and called me by His grace, to reveal His Son in me, that I might preach Him among the heathen… (referring to the apostle Paul)

50. 1 THESSALONIANS 2:11,12 As ye know how we exhorted and comforted and charged every one of you, as a father doth his children, that ye would walk worthy of God, who hath called you unto his kingdom and glory.

51. NUCLEOLUS A structure within the nucleus where RNA nucleotides are stored.

52. NUCLEAR PORES Microscopic holes in the nuclear envelope.

53. CYTOPLASM The jelly-like fluid in which cell structures are suspended.

54. LYSOSOME A sac in a cell in which molecules and worn-out organelles are enzymatically dismantled. Accessed on 6-28-11 from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Illu_cell_structure.jpg. Image in Public domain.http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Illu_cell_structure.jpg

55. PEROXISOMES A membrane-bounded sac that buds from the smooth ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum) and that houses enzymes important in oxygen use.

56. MICROTUBULES The long (microscopically speaking), hollow tubules made of tubulin protein that move cells to their proper position.

57. MICROFILAMENTS Tiny actin rods in cells, especially contractile cells. They aid in maintaining cell shape.

58. CENTRIOLES A pair of oblong structures consisting of microtubules that organize the mitotic spindle.

59. MITOTIC SPINDLE A structure of microtubules that aligns and separates chromosomes in mitosis. “ The process of mitosis, fundamental to eukaryotic cell replication, allows the nuclei of cells to divide and provides each daughter cell with a complete and identical set of chromosomes. The progression may take only a few minutes or may encompass several hours, largely depending upon plant or animal species and cell type.” ~Accessed 6-28-11 from from Microsocopy U: http://www.microscopyu.com/staticgallery/featuredmicroscopist/deerinck/deerinckimage13.html http://www.microscopyu.com/staticgallery/featuredmicroscopist/deerinck/deerinckimage13.html Background image Accessed on 6-28-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mitotic_spindle_color_micrograph.gif. Public domain.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mitotic_spindle_color_micrograph.gif

60. CELLS DIFFER Muscle cells are long and spindly.Muscle cells are long and spindly. Skeletal muscle image accessed 6-28-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skeletal_muscle.jpg. The use of this graphic does not mean that the licenser endorses or supports organizations using it.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skeletal_muscle.jpg

61. Nerve cells are more filamentous.Nerve cells are more filamentous. Accessed 6-28-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg. Public Domain.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg

62. Skin cells are flat. Skin cells are flat. Protein complex: Many individual cadherin proteins protruding from the surface of a skin cell join together in an elaborate lattice structure, made visible in its natural configuration for the first time by cryo-electron tomography, a novel cell-freezing technique. This complex allows each skin cell to attach to its neighbors, forming skin tissue. Credit: Achilleas Frangakis, EMBL Protein complex: Many individual cadherin proteins protruding from the surface of a skin cell join together in an elaborate lattice structure, made visible in its natural configuration for the first time by cryo-electron tomography, a novel cell-freezing technique. This complex allows each skin cell to attach to its neighbors, forming skin tissue. Credit: Achilleas Frangakis, EMBL Accessed on 6-28-11 from: www.technologyreview.com/biomedicine/19883/ www.technologyreview.com/biomedicine/19883/

63. Skin cells are flat. Skin cells are flat. Frozen cells: A thin, frozen slice of a human skin cell was bombarded with electrons and then reconstructed with specialized software to create this 3-D color-coded image. Each cellular structure has its own color: blue for the nucleus and its envelope, red for nuclear pores, purple for mitochondria, and brown for the cadherin proteins that allow the cell to adhere to its neighbors. Information and image accessed on 6-28-11 from: http://www.technologyreview.com/biomedicine/19883/

64. Blood cells (or hematocytes) are rounded. Blood cells (or hematocytes) are rounded. They fall into three general categories:They fall into three general categories: Red Blood Cells— ErythrocytesRed Blood Cells— Erythrocytes White Blood Cells— LeukocytesWhite Blood Cells— Leukocytes Platelets— ThrombocytesPlatelets— Thrombocytes Accessed on 6-28-11 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blood_cells_090304 -F-5951M-108.jpg. Public Domain. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blood_cells_090304 -F-5951M-108.jpg Accessed on 6-28-11 from: www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/red.html.www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/red.html

65. CELLS DIFFER Many cells are extremely flexible.Many cells are extremely flexible. Some can stretch to double their size.Some can stretch to double their size. Some can shrink to half their size.Some can shrink to half their size. Some are stationary.Some are stationary. Some are mobile.Some are mobile. Some can be stationary or mobile.Some can be stationary or mobile.

66. Billions of cells ride the currents of the blood stream every day.Billions of cells ride the currents of the blood stream every day. Some can latch onto a cell wall like velcro.Some can latch onto a cell wall like velcro. Some can slip between cells to fight intruders.Some can slip between cells to fight intruders. Some bring manufactured products.Some bring manufactured products. Some remove waste products.Some remove waste products. CELLS DIFFER

67. Some encircle and destroy enemy cells.Some encircle and destroy enemy cells. Some are heavily armed and engage in combat at a moments notice.Some are heavily armed and engage in combat at a moments notice. Some are the body’s 911 system.Some are the body’s 911 system. Some make antibodies.Some make antibodies. Some secrete pyrogens to increase body temp.Some secrete pyrogens to increase body temp. CELLS DIFFER

68. Specialized cells monitor the environment for: Specialized cells monitor the environment for: Worrisome chemicals Worrisome chemicals Toxins Toxins Allergins Allergins Sights Sights Sounds Sounds Smells Smells Sensations Sensations Tastes Tastes Blood pressure Blood pressure Heart rate Heart rate Temperature Temperature Cells doing their jobs!

69. SUMMARY The formation of each cell and every function follows a blueprint that is drawn up at the union of the egg and sperm.The formation of each cell and every function follows a blueprint that is drawn up at the union of the egg and sperm. Every human body is home to up to 75 trillion cells with 200 known kinds of cells and thousands of different functions.Every human body is home to up to 75 trillion cells with 200 known kinds of cells and thousands of different functions. Every cell contains dozens of tiny factories making billions of compounds.Every cell contains dozens of tiny factories making billions of compounds.

70. SUMMARY Cell manufactured compounds are highly variable in shape, size, electrical charge and configuration; many can complete a function in a millionth of a second.Cell manufactured compounds are highly variable in shape, size, electrical charge and configuration; many can complete a function in a millionth of a second. Anatomy, physiology and genetics—from a single freckle on the cheek to a bend in the colon—are predetermined. Aspects of personality, preferences and susceptibilities may also be. We are not born a blank slate.Anatomy, physiology and genetics—from a single freckle on the cheek to a bend in the colon—are predetermined. Aspects of personality, preferences and susceptibilities may also be. We are not born a blank slate.

71. TITUS 2:11 For the grace of God that bringeth salvation hath appeared to all men, 12 Teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world; 13 Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ; 14 Who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify unto himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works. 15 These things speak, and exhort, and rebuke with all authority. Let no man despise thee. For the grace of God that bringeth salvation hath appeared to all men, 12 Teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world; 13 Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ; 14 Who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify unto himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works. 15 These things speak, and exhort, and rebuke with all authority. Let no man despise thee.

72. PHILIPPIANS 1:27 Only let your conversation be as it becometh the gospel of Christ: that whether I come and see you or else be absent, I may hear of your affairs, that ye stand fast in one spirit, with one mind striving together for the faith of the gospel.

73. PHILIPPIANS 2:15,16a That ye may be blameless and harmless, the sons of God, without rebuke, in the midst of a crooked and perverse nation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world; holding forth the word of life; that I may rejoice in the day of Christ….

74. COLOSSIANS 1:10 That ye might walk worthy of the Lord unto all pleasing being fruitful in every good work, and increasing in the knowledge of God.