2. Course Outline The following topics will be covered:
Types & properties of asbestos
Uses of asbestos
Health effects of asbestos
General asbestos rule requirements

3. What is Asbestos?
Serpentine Rock (Chrysotile) - California State Rock

4. Close-up of Asbestos Fibers

5. Common Types of Asbestos
Chrysotile – most common
“White Asbestos”
Amosite
“Brown Asbestos”
Crocidolite – least used
“Blue Asbestos”
Chrysotile asbestos mine in Canada

6. Other types of asbestos -
Tremolite (Libby vermiculite mine-actually winchite-richterite)
Actinolite
Anthophyllite

7. Vermiculite insulation in attics
“Popped” Vermiculite
Vermiculite ore
Vermiculite insulation in attics

8. Libby Vermiculite Mine
Photo of operating Libby mine
Zonolite insulation
Libby Mine site today

9. Asbestos = “inextinguishable”
Uses of Asbestos
Asbestos = “inextinguishable”
Egyptians; Greeks & Romans
Middle Ages
Industrial Revolution
Twentieth century –
*World War II + next 30 years

10. Properties of Asbestos
Naturally occurring fibrous minerals
Asbestos ore
Good tensile strength
Flexibility
Heat resistance
Electrical resistance
Good insulation
Chemical resistance

11. Some Asbestos-Containing Materials*
(This list does not include every product/material that may contain asbestos. It is intended as a general guide to show which types of materials may contain asbestos.)
Spray-Applied Insulation
Blown-in Insulation
Fireproofing Materials
Taping Compounds (thermal)
Packing Materials (for wall/floor penetrations)
High Temperature Gaskets
Laboratory Hoods/Table Tops
Laboratory Gloves
Fire Blankets
Fire Curtains
Cement Pipes
Cement Wallboard
Cement Siding
Asphalt Floor Tile
Vinyl Floor Tile
Vinyl Sheet Flooring
Flooring Backing
Construction Mastics (floor tile, carpet, ceiling tile, etc.)
Acoustical Plaster
Decorative Plaster
Textured Paints/Coatings
Ceiling Tiles and Lay-in Panels
* Source: EPA

12. Some Asbestos-Containing Materials
(Continued)
Elevator Equipment Panels
Elevator Brake Shoes
HVAC Duct Insulation
Boiler Insulation
Breaching Insulation
Ductwork Flexible Fabric Connections
Cooling Towers
Pipe Insulation (corrugated air-cell, block, etc.)
Heating and Electrical Ducts
Electrical Panel Partitions
Electrical Cloth
Electric Wiring Insulation
Chalkboards
Roofing Shingles
Roofing Felt
Base Flashing
Thermal Paper Products
Fire Doors
Caulking/Putties
Adhesives
Wallboard
Joint Compounds
Vinyl Wall Coverings
Spackling Compounds

13. Asbestos is an Inhalation Hazard
Airborne asbestos fibers inhaled deep into the lung can cause damage.
Respirable fibers are inhaled and deposited in the lungs
Body’s defense mechanisms cannot break down the fibers
Fibers cause damage to respiratory system
Damage occurs in the alveoli

14. Asbestos-related diseases
Asbestos can cause disabling respiratory disease and various types of cancers if the fibers are inhaled.
- Asbestosis
- Lung Cancer
- Mesothelioma
- Other cancers

15. Smoking and Asbestos Lung Cancer Risks
70 per 100,000 lung cancer deaths in general population
Lung Cancer Risks
5x higher risk than general population
10x higher risk
50x to 90x higher risk

16. Asbestosis Example Joe Darabant, 1949. Joe, 1989.
Photos
Joe Darabant, 1949.
Covered with chrysotile asbestos fibers. Worked for 30+ years at the Johns-Manville Plant in New Jersey, cutting asbestos shingles and making asbestos block and pipe-covering materials.
Joe, 1989.
Forced to retire in 1974 at age 50 from poor health; he died from asbestosis in 1990 at age 66.

17. Current worker exposure to asbestos
An estimated 1.3 million workers are exposed in U.S. today.
In the construction industry, removal renovation and demolition have heaviest exposures.
In general industry, exposure can occur in:
manufacture of asbestos products
automotive brake and clutch repair
housekeeping and custodial work

18. Some Washington State Statistics
3716 L & I asbestosis claims filed in the last 20 years (1988 – 2007)
558 deaths in Washington from mesothelioma in (CDC data)
Mesothelioma deaths –
DOSH Citations in
362 inspections resulting in 935 violations
73% of these violations were cited serious
- $780,350 in penalties assessed.

19. Where could you be exposed to asbestos?
Asbestos had a variety of uses in building construction completed before You could be exposed to asbestos during inspection of the following activities in these older buildings:
Asbestos removal projects
Building insulation maintenance or repair
Heating and air conditioning maintenance and repair
Insulated piping maintenance repair
Floor tile or flooring replacement or repair
Roofing or siding replacement or repair
Non-metal piping replacement or repair (cement-asbestos piping)
Brake shoe or pad replacement or repair
Wallboard(sheetrock) or wall plaster replacement or repair
“Popcorn ceiling” replacement or repair
Janitorial or maintenance work done in pre-1981 buildings
Building demolition

20. Brief history of U.S. asbestos regulation
British physicians noted that asbestos workers developed lung disease in early 1900’s.
Lung disease noted in American asbestos workers in 1930’s. Some companies actively suppressed this information.
Dr. Irving Selikoff at Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York began studying asbestos workers in 1960’s.
His published research led OSHA to adopt specific standard on asbestos in early 1970’s.
OSHA lowered the PEL for asbestos several times through 1970’s, 1980’s and 1990’s.
Dr. Selikoff also warned against hazards to workers who were spraying on asbestos insulation in the World Trade Center.

21. Thermal System Insulation (TSI)
Asbestos insulation on outdoor pipe
Air cell pipes
Damaged insulation on control valve

22. Thermal system insulation close-up

23. Asbestos air cell insulation (pipe insulation)
Visible asbestos fibers

24. “Mag” Pipe Insulation

25. Asbestos Duct Tape

26. More Thermal System Insulation
Asbestos insulated boiler
Asbestos insulated furnace

27. Asbestos gaskets, rope and packing – may be round, flat or impregnated with waterproof sealant
Asbestos rope
Damaged asbestos gasket
Asbestos fabric in HVAC system

28. Usually in 1’ by 1’ or 2’ by 4’ sizes
Asbestos Ceiling Tile
Tile close-up
Usually in 1’ by 1’ or 2’ by 4’ sizes

29. Asbestos shingle siding

30. Asbestos Roofing Material

31. Nicolite asbestos roofing felt over skip sheeting

32. Nicolite roofing debris

33. Popcorn overspray in electrical junction box

34. Knob and Tube asbestos wiring

35. Asbestos wiring (knob and tube)

36. Vinyl asbestos and asphalt asbestos flooring

37. Asbestos Sheet Vinyl
Uncontrolled sheet vinyl removal

38. Sprayed-on surfacing material
Acoustical material

39. Spray-on insulation containing asbestos

40. Asbestos fireproofing in ceiling and above dropped ceiling

41. Popcorn-orange peel-knock down Surfacing Material

42. Dry popcorn ceiling removal

43. Popcorn Ceiling Material
###
Uncontrolled popcorn ceiling removal job
damaged and friable popcorn ceiling material

44. Fire-damaged popcorn ceiling material
Ceiling showing damage
Popcorn ceiling material dropped onto furniture

45. Chimney flue packing (mud) containing asbestos

46. Asbestos Mill Board

47. Glue/Mastic buttons or dots-ceiling tile, chalk boards, cove base mastic

48. Cement-asbestos pipe (Transite)
Buried cement asbestos pipe in Tri-cities area

49. Asbestos Window Putty

50. Asbestos Brake Pads & Discs

51. Asbestos in joint compound and plaster

52. Asbestos in electrical panel

53. Rock Wool Insulation – for comparison

54. How do asbestos fibers get in the air?
Asbestos is most hazardous when it is FRIABLE.
Physical disturbance of asbestos-containing materials (ACM) suspends fibers in the air.
Friable: can be easily crumbled or crushed by hand, releasing fibers into the air
Very small fibers stay in the air for long periods
Damaged or deteriorated ACM increases friability

55. How do asbestos fibers get in the air?
Some typical activities and situations that can result in asbestos exposure:
Mechanical action on ACM (cutting, sawing, grinding, sanding, drilling, buffing, etc.)
Disturbing/breaking ceiling tiles
Removing/replacing insulation
Disturbing sprayed-on asbestos
Asbestos abatement projects
Un-surveyed construction projects on older buildings
Debris from disturbance of “popcorn” ceiling

56. DOSH Asbestos Regulations
RCW Asbestos Safety Act
WAC Part I-1 Occupational Health-Asbestos
WAC Asbestos Certification & Training
WAC Construction regulations which refer to WAC

57. EPA Asbestos Environmental Regulations
AHERA (Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act )
NESHAP National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants)
Regulatory Agencies enforcing NESHAP
Department of Ecology
Local Air Pollution Authorities
Washington State Department of Health & county health departments

58. Building/Facility Owners Responsibilities
Determine presence, location, and quantity of any ACM/PACM
Inform affected contractors, employees and tenants
Have “Good Faith” Inspection done before any construction/maintenance work or project bidding
Allow only certified individuals to perform work
Submit Notice of Asbestos Abatement Project to L&I at least ten days before work begins

59. “ACM” and “PACM” Asbestos Containing Material
Any material containing more than 1% asbestos by weight.
Presumed Asbestos Containing Material
Surfacing materials
Thermal System Insulation
Flooring
Installed prior to 1981
Must be handled as ACM unless proved otherwise

60. "Good Faith" Inspection (Survey)
Required for all construction and maintenance:
must be done by an EPA-accredited AHERA building inspector
documented written report
not required if assumed and treated as ACM
Minimum fines of $250 per day if not done
Both building owner and contractor can be cited!

61. Employee exposure evaluation and monitoring
Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL)
0.1 fibers per cubic centimeter of air (0.1 f/cc) 8-hour time weighted average (TWA8)
1.0 f/cc 30-minute short-term exposure limit (STEL)

62. Certified Asbestos Worker (CAW)
32 hours of initial training
Pass 100 question test
8 hour annual refresher training
Required for Class I asbestos work
Can do Class II asbestos work, but not required

63. Certified Asbestos Supervisor (CAS)
40 hours of initial training
Pass 100 question test
1,600 hours of experience required
8 hour annual refresher training
Required for Class I, II and III asbestos work
Subject to denial, suspension and revocation of certification

64. Certified Asbestos Abatement Contractor
Must have one or more Certified Asbestos Supervisor
Must be a Washington licensed contractor
Renewed annually
Subject to denial, suspension and revocation of certification

65. Four Classes of Asbestos Work
Class I - removal of thermal system insulation and surfacing ACM/PACM
Class II - removal of ACM which is not thermal system insulation and surfacing material
Class III - Repair & maintenance operations where ACM is disturbed
Class IV - Maintenance & custodial activities during which ACM is contacted, but not disturbed

66. Class 1 Asbestos Abatement
Requires Negative Pressure Enclosure (NPE)
(Glove bags for pipe runs)
Requires 3 stage decontamination
Requires separate waste load out
Requires Certified Asbestos Supervisor
Requires Certified Asbestos Workers
Requires L & I Notification if > 48 sq. ft.
Supplied air respiratory protection
Requires air monitoring
Initial monitoring
Daily monitoring
Clearance monitoring

67. Communication of Hazards
Warning Signs
for regulated areas
visible before entering
Warning Labels
attached to all products and their containers
AVOID BREATHING AIRBORNE ASBESTOS FIBERS

68. Exposure Control Program
Asbestos exposure must be controlled by one or more of the following engineering and work practices:
Local exhaust ventilation with HEPA filter system
HEPA-filtered vacuums
Enclosure, isolation
Wet methods
Intact handling
Clean-up, prompt disposal
Housekeeping
HEPA filter = high efficiency particulate air filter

69. Exposure Control Program -
Worker protection
Personal protective Equipment (PPE)
respirator, gloves, head protection, foot protection, coveralls
Hygiene facilities
washing, decontamination, change room
Decontamination shower

70. Class II Asbestos Work Requires critical barriers not NPE
Requires intact, non-mechanical removal
Requires wet methods
Requires Certified Asbestos Supervisor
Does not require Certified Asbestos Workers
8 hours of specific training
Does not requires L & I Notification
Air purifying respirators allowed (HEPA)
Requires air monitoring
Initial monitoring
Daily monitoring
Clearance monitoring

71. Specific requirements for other work
Automotive brake and clutch work
Roofing, flooring, siding and gaskets

72. Class III Asbestos Work
Requires wet methods
Requires local exhaust ventilation if feasible
Must isolate the operation
Requires a Certified Asbestos Supervisor
Does not require Certified Asbestos Workers
16 hour of worker training required
Annual refresher training required
L & I notification not required
Air monitoring required

73. Class IV Asbestos Work Contact but not disturb ACM / PACM
Asbestos awareness training required
2 hours initial
Annual refresher required
No air monitoring required
No Certified Asbestos Supervisor required

74. Custodial/Light maintenance work
Housekeeping and building maintenance activities may expose workers to asbestos fibers if ACM/PACM is disturbed.
Damaged asbestos pipe insulation
Activities:
sweeping
vacuuming
cleaning
changing lights
Some materials of concern:
vinyl asbestos tile
exposed piping
exposed fireproofing
popcorn ceiling
Asbestos debris on floor

75. Custodial/Light maintenance work
Dry dust or sweep surfaces, ceilings, walls, or floors
Disturb ACM when replacing light bulbs, etc.
DO NOT:
Sand asbestos floor tiles or backing material
Pin or hang pictures, plants, or objects on walls or from ceilings covered with asbestos materials

76. Custodial/Light maintenance work
Dust with a damp cloth
DO:
Use only a HEPA-filtered vacuum to clean up asbestos debris
Wet mop floors

77. Medical Surveillance Program
Medical evaluations for all workers who are:
exposed to asbestos concentrations at or above PEL
performing certified asbestos work
30 or more days per year
Annual examinations at no cost to worker
Records maintained duration of employment + 30 years

78. General Contractors
“Asbestos Abatement Projects” may be subcontracted to a certified abatement contractor.
Regulation requirements for general contractors
Get good faith inspection from owner
Pass asbestos information to subs
Notify owner of new materials discovered
Ensure proper certification of subs and workers

79. Asbestos Certification - Contractors
Contractors must be certified when they conduct “Asbestos Abatement Projects” (asbestos removal or encapsulation) in the following conditions:
A potential of fiber release
More than 3 square feet, or
More than 3 linear feet

80. Construction/Maintenance Activities
Engineering controls, work practices
Local exhaust ventilation with HEPA filter system
HEPA-filtered vacuums
Enclosure, isolation
Wet methods
Intact handling
Clean-up, prompt disposal
Housekeeping
Prohibited practices
sawing without HEPA filtering
compressed air
dry sweeping/cleanup

81. Construction/Maintenance Activities
Worker Protection
Personal protective Equipment (PPE)
respirator, gloves, head protection, foot protection, coveralls
training on proper use
Hygiene facilities
washing, decontamination, change room

82. What is a “Competent person”?
Supervisors
“Asbestos Abatement Projects”
Other Class I, II, and III work > 3 feet
Class I: surfacing materials and thermal system insulation
Class II: other asbestos materials
Class III: repair and maintenance
Person trained in operations and maintenance for < 3 feet (EPA criteria)

83. Uncertified Asbestos Work
Allowed Activities
Class II or III work with intact materials
Class IV work (contact but not disturb)
Unclassified work
Examples:
Vinyl Asbestos Tile (VAT)
Asphaltic roofing
Installing asbestos containing materials

84. Uncertified Asbestos Work (cont)
Supervisor Training
CAS for Class II or III (> 3 feet)
Worker training for small jobs
Worker Training
Class II--8 hour material specific training
Class III--16 hour O&M training
Class IV--2 hour asbestos awareness

85. Uncertified Asbestos Work (cont)
PPE and hygiene facilities
Work Practices
Wet methods
Intact removal
HEPA filtered vacuums
Prompt cleanup and disposal
Specific requirements for roofing, flooring, siding and gaskets (WAC )

86. Uncertified Asbestos Work (cont)
Prohibitions
Sawing, chipping, grinding, etc.
Compressed air
Dry sweeping or shoveling
Employee rotation

87. Summary
Property owner or owners agent must do an asbestos “Good Faith” inspection (AHERA)
No requirement to remove intact ACM
Anyone who may encounter ACM needs a minimum of Asbestos Awareness training
Damaged, deteriorated or disturbed ACM must be abated
Asbestos abatement normally requires an asbestos abatement contractor
Warning labels may be required

88. Further Information DOSH – asbestos webpage
OSHA – asbestos webpage
Environmental Protection Agency – asbestos webpage
Department of Ecology – asbestos waste webpage

89. Questions?

90. Dave Johnson