1. Перейти на первую страницу Aftermath of Fukushima providing solutions for the localities by clean water for the period of large-scale emergencies

2. Перейти на первую страницу Joint Stock Company, Scientific and Technical Enterprise “Radiy”, Moscow, Russia V. I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Ralph T. Niemeyer, Director Int’l. Dept. Chasovaya ul.,28, 125057, Moscow, Russia Tel. +7(495)151-15-21, Fax. +7(495)152-69-14 E-mail: niemeyer@radiy-niod.ru

3. Перейти на первую страницу 1. The development of artificial geochemical barriers to protect water bodies from contamination by radio-nuclides

4. Перейти на первую страницу One of the ways for solving the problem of migration of nuclides and toxic elements may be the creation of artificial geochemical barriers (permeable barriers) around the contaminated sites (barriers - deep ditches filled with granulate filtering material, permable to water and non-toxic components) The main condition for ensuring the possibility of creating the barriers is the presence of widely available and cheap filtering and sorption materials with two basic properties: - high selectivity to removable toxic components; - no contaminating effects in the material itself. These requirements are largely met by some of the natural sorption materials, in particular, zeolite-containing rocks and modified zeolites.

5. Перейти на первую страницу Nano - Composites. Chemically Modified Natural Zeolites Cr Cu U 0246810 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 lg K pH Concentration coefficients for Cr, Cu and UO 2 (CO 3 ) 4- dependently on рН Before modification Cation-exchanging properties. Selectivity to Sr and Cs After the modification - cation- and anion-exchanging properties. Additional Selectivity to U and other heavy radio-nuclides Options: magnetic properties (for using powders), bactericidal properties.

6. Перейти на первую страницу Fourth Block of Chernobyl NPP in1986. Industrial Working Place Protection of the Prypyat River More than 10 barriers each with 2 000 – 4 000 tons of zeolite have been constructed

7. Перейти на первую страницу Elaboration and computation of the artificial geochemistry barrier Craton-3 in Yakutia (the place has been contaminated after the underground nuclear explosion in 1970ies)

8. Перейти на первую страницу Protection Times of the Barrier at Different Conditions L=200 cm c/c 0 =0.1 Flow Rate V, сm/s 0.0020.020.20.0020.020.2 Initial Sr C 0, mg/l 0.1 Diffusivity D, 10 -9 сm 2 /s 0.1 Mass- Transfer Y, 10 -8 s -1 50 Grain Size d, mm 1.2 555 Protection Time, Years >5050.3-0.35>501.351.5-3.5 Days

9. Перейти на первую страницу 2. New sorption materials and technologies for water treatment Natural sorption materials and chemically modified natural materials and nano-materials: aluminosilicates (zeolites), magnesium and iron silicates (serpentines)

10. Перейти на первую страницу Automated Stand for Testing Sorption Materials in Column Regimes

11. Перейти на первую страницу Natural sorption nano-materials Serpentine minerals ( Mg,Fe) 6 [Si 4 O 10 ](OH) 6 with the impurities of Fe 3 O 4, Cr 2 O 3, NiO, MnO, CoO, СаО, Al 2 O 3 Elementary fibers of the serpentine are hollow: Internal diameter 13 nm and external 25 nm. (J. Girard, Principles of Environmental Chemistry, Jones & Bartlett Publ., 2005.)

12. Перейти на первую страницу Scanning the serpentine surface (specially prepared ) with Atomic Force Microscope 12 Scan area: horizontal - 160 x 160 nm; vertical - 10 nm; black - "depression“; white - "top“.

13. Перейти на первую страницу Chemically activated serpentinites New Sorption Materials «SKOV» Patent of Russian Federation: 2316479. European Patent Application (WiPO) : WO/2007/111531 The Enterprise “Radiy” has a license for exploitation of the deposit of 50 million tons One of the best known in the world of materials for removal of iron. Simultaneous purification from iron, manganese, heavy metals, arsenic, fluorine and boron, removing turbidity and color. Independent tests conducted in different countries. Bactericidal Properties

14. Перейти на первую страницу Turbiditymg/l (by Coaline) 2.03.170.330.530.89 Ironmg/l0.30.490.120.140.12 Mangenesemg/l0.10.230.030.060.04 Fluorinemg/l1.21.660.450.670.39 Boronmg/l0.50.680.110.180.14 Zinkmg/l3.00.860.090.230.15 Coppermg/l1.00.650.060.130.09 Leadmg/l0.030.02<0.01 FactorsUnitsRequi- rements InitialSKOV-1SKOV-2SKOV-3 Results of independent tests

15. Перейти на первую страницу Removal of iron from brackish well water in cyclic processes: sorption-back washing. Initial Fe -content: 6.1 mg/l, TDS=4.9 g/l (Total mineralization). Sorption material - granulated SKOV, 1-1.5 mm of grain sizes Column bed: L = 350 mm, S= 2950 mm 2, BV = 1 liter. Independent tests performed by the "ECOSOFT" JSC, Kiev, Ukraine Flow rate, bed volumes per hour (BV/h) (BV) Bed Volumes of purified water Fe-content in a filtrate, mg/l рН 10500.0268.02 101000.0927.72 102000.0537.37 203000.4167.24 204000.4057.16 205000.4107.24 105500.0577.31 106000.0827.18 The sensitivity of the purification process to flow rate was checked. During the continuous passing initial water trough the sorption bed, the flow rate was kept 10 l/h, then, elevated two times, up to 20 l/h, and then, reduced back.

16. Перейти на первую страницу Decontamination of drinking water from arsenics Mounting spring water fro the North Caucasus region Initial As -content: 0.064 mg/l (64  g/l), TDS=0.43 g/l. Flow rate, bed volumes per hour (BV/h) (BV) Bed Volumes of purified water As-content in a filtrate,  g/l 10500 (5 liters)27.0 105 00012.0 1010 0000.0 1015 0000.0 101020 0000.0 101025 0000.0 101030 0002.0 1035 50035 5006.06.0 40 00014.0

17. Перейти на первую страницу ARSENICS PROBLEM IN THE WORLD WHO's activities on arsenic In 1963 the standard was estimated to be 0.05 mg/L. In 1984, this was maintained as WHO's "Guideline Value"; and many countries have kept this as the national standard or as an interim target. According to the last edition of the WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality (1993): Inorganic arsenic is a documented human carcinogen. 0.01 mg/L was established as a provisional guideline value for arsenic. Based on health criteria, the guideline value for arsenic in drinking-water would be less than 0.01mg/L. Natural arsenic pollution is a global phenomenon for 70 countries on all continents, except Antarctica,. In recent decades about 140 million people worldwide have been exposed to drinking water containing more than 10 μg/L of arsenic.”

18. Перейти на первую страницу Water preparing for cottages (1-2 cub.m/|day) Typical nit with capacity 240 cub. m/day for Childcare Water Purifying Units of Different Scales

19. Перейти на первую страницу INDUSTRIAL SCALE UNIT FOR WATER PURIFICATION 2000 м 3 /day (from underground water enriched with iron, fluoride and boron)

20. Перейти на первую страницу Thank you very much for your kind attention