1. Organized Crime CHAPTER Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved SIXTH EDITION Domestic Organized Crime Groups 7

2. Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Youth Gangs Reasons for the Existence of Youth Gangs:  Removal of manufacturing plants from cities (created “mass” unemployment).  Migration of middle-class minority families from urban centers to more affluent suburbs. (Leaving lower- economic groups in urban areas.)  Increased density of segregated minority populations in the city.

3. Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Youth Gangs Reasons for the Existence of Youth Gangs:  Employer discrimination and wage gaps in service jobs in cities.  Loss of federal and state social services in cities.

4. Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Youth Gangs Reasons for the Existence of Youth Gangs:  Increases in the number of youths of gang-age, without commensurate increases in community infrastructure for supervising these youths.

5. Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Youth Gangs How Street Gangs are Organized:  Gangs evolve from a smaller group or clique.  Cliques form around these concerns: Ethnic or racial heritage Desire to “guard” territory Need for protection from another groups

6. Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Youth Gangs Youth Gang Member Types:  Hard-core gang members Most violent and have committed serious crimes.  AG – gangster for life  BG – baby gangster  Foot solider – lowest ranking member

7. Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Youth Gangs Youth Gang Member Types:  Homeboy – fellow gang member  Hoodsta – gangster  Killa – Killers  Wannabee or Mark – wants to be a gang member

8. Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Youth Gangs Mobility of Youth Gangs  Reasons for gang migration: To stay with relocating families. Avoid apprehension and prosecution. Avoid retribution from rival gangs. To participate in private and public training and rehabilitation programs.

9. Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Youth Gangs Mobility of Youth Gangs  Reasons for gang migration: To take advantage of new criminal markets and higher illegal profits. Reduce street gang rivalry and competition.

10. Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Youth Gangs Mobility of Youth Gangs  Reasons for gang migration: Find communities that are easier to initiate and manipulate. Take advantage of limited law enforcement resources and L.E.’s lack of recognition and awareness of gangs.

11. Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs Originally formed in late 1940’s  Organizational structure  Criminal Activity  Hell’s Angels Estimated 1000 members  The Outlaws Began in Chicago in 1950’s  The Pagans Control methamphetamine manufacture in northeast US.

12. Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs Originally formed in late 1940’s  The Bandidos Youngest and fastest growing of the 4 major outlaw motorcycle gangs. Concentrated in Texas. Revenue is generated by drug trafficking, prostitution, and extortion.

13. Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Prison Gangs Criteria by Federal Government for an Organized Crime Group  Continuity  Structure  Membership  Criminality  Violence  Power and profit

14. Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Prison Gangs Nature of Prison Gangs  Some are highly structured  Leaders demonstrate physical prowess, commit violent acts.  Most choose gangs by racial and ethnic lines.  Admission requirements; Based on race, ethnicity, and geography.

15. Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Prison Gangs Recruitment;  Blood in, blood out Prison Gang Structure  Controlled by an established system of leadership.

16. Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Prison Gangs Prison Gang Structure  Tenure of a gang leader may be relatively short due to parole, transfers between prisons, and general dissatisfaction with a particular leader’s performance.

17. Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Prison Gangs Gang Members in the Community Member of prison gangs are:  Generally 19 to 40 years old  Highly mobile  Usually career criminals

18. Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Rural Organized Crime Usually disorganized bands of fences, con men, strip joint owners, and auto thieves. Rural areas have drug dealers, prostitutes, and gamblers.

19. Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Retail Market Revolves around the basic human desire for liquor, sex, and gambling “Two-holers”  Establishments that house a small gambling operation and a few prostitutes.

20. Organized Crime, Sixth Edition Michael D. Lyman | Gary W. Potter Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Characteristics of Rural Organized Crime Groups Involve a small number of participants. Low percentage of female managers. Important family ties.