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Wood Characteristics, Machining & Coating Properties of Rubberwood Plantation in China Haikou 2008-12-08 International Workshop on Rubberwood Processing.

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Presentation on theme: "Wood Characteristics, Machining & Coating Properties of Rubberwood Plantation in China Haikou 2008-12-08 International Workshop on Rubberwood Processing."— Presentation transcript:

1 Wood Characteristics, Machining & Coating Properties of Rubberwood Plantation in China Haikou 2008-12-08 International Workshop on Rubberwood Processing Technology and Promotion of Sustainable Development Youke ZHAO Xiaomei JIANG Jianxiong LU ( Research Institute of Wood Industry Chinese Academy of Forestry )

2 Main Contents  1. Rubberwood Characteristics  2. Rubberwood Machining Properties  3. Rubberwood Coating Properties  4. Comparison of Machining & Coating Properties between Rubberwood and Others

3 1. 1 Anatomical properties 1.2 Chemical properties 1.3 Physical & mechanical properties 1.4 Tension wood 1.5 Natural durability 1. Rubberwood Characteristics

4 Macroscopic features : Wood whitish yellow or pale cream, then turn light brown Texture moderate coarse to even Grain straight to slightly interlocked 1. 1 Anatomical properties

5 Microscopical photos of rubberwood for transverse, radial & tangential sections Proportion of wood tissue: Fiber: 61.5% , Vessel: 9.5% , Rays+Parenchyma: 29%

6 1.2 Chemical properties Tab.1 Chemical composition of rubberwood ( % ) Lignin Holocellu lose  - Cellulose Hemicellu lose 1% NaOH extractives Benzene- alcohol extractives Ash 20.2970402016.216-100.8-2.3

7 1.3 Physical & mechanical properties Test material : dried center lumbers (2 m (l) x 45mm(thickness)) from 27 rubber trees grown in Hainan Provided by Lezhoug Timber Plant of Hainan Nongken Timber Industry Co.

8 Tab.2 Physical & mechanical properties of rubberwood Density and strength : Middle Species number Air dried density g/cm 3 Compression strength parallel to the grain MPa Bending strength MPa Modulus of elasticity GPa Toughnes s kJ/m 2 Average0.65343.487.98.80725.8 Standard deviation 0.0364.83311.3511.3439.065

9 1.4 Tension wood Tension wood is common in rubberwood impact of typhoon, existing in the tilt trunk and branch distinctly different from the normal wood in anatomical, physical & mechanical and chemical properties An important defect, should be paid more attention Fibers with a gelatinous layer (G-layer)

10 Differs in color and texture from the normal wood Fibers with a gelatinous layer (G-layer) Rough surface is readily occured when sawing, affecting the quality of lumbers 1.4 Tension wood

11 1.5 Natural durability Only sapwood (no heartwood), non-durabl, easy decay, fresh sawn timber should be rapidly treated and dried

12 2. Rubberwood Machining Properties -- Planing -- Sanding -- Boring -- Shaping

13 Testing Method: ASTM D-1666 Grade I: Excellent (no defects)5 pts. Grade II: Good (light defects which can be eliminated by light sanding)4pts Grade III: Fair (some obvious defects which can be eliminated by sanding) 3 pts Grade IV: Poor (deep and big defects which is hard to eliminate) 2 pts Grade V: Very poor (prohibited to use) 1point OVERALL POINT: 5*GradeI%+4*GradeII%+3*GradeIII%+2*GradeIV%+1*Grad eV% QUALITY LEVEL: excellent (4-5 points), good (3-4 points), fair (2-3 points), poor (1- 2 points), and very poor (<1point)

14 Tab. 3 The number of specimen and the size for testing machining properties Testing materials Machining items Thickness ×width × length ( mm ) Specimen amount ( pieces ) planning19×102×91027 sanding11×110×40027 boring19×76×51027 shaping19×76×51027

15 KUW-500F1 automatic feed 2 faces planner 2.1 Planing properties

16 Testing results of planing No defects sample

17 Torn Grain

18 Planing testing results : Excellent Level) All belong to Grade I (Excellent Level) Torn grain is main defects Tab 4. Planing results of different planing thickness Planing thickness Grade I proportion ( % ) Grade II proportion ( % ) Grade III proportion ( % ) Quality points 1.6mm 40.743.70 4.52 0.8mm81.48 18.520.00 4.82

19 2.2 Sanding properties WS-65 Wide Belt Sander 5.8m/min Feed speed : 5.8m/min 120# Sand paper : 120# 0.3mm Sanding thickness:0.3mm

20 Grade I sample Sanding Testing

21 Sanding defect - light fuzzy grain

22 Excellent Excellent (Grade 1) and Good (Grade 2 ) specimens : 59.26% & 40.74% , quality points: 4.59 , belong to Excellent Main defect: fuzzy grain Sanding testing results :

23 B13S Bench Borer 2.3 Boring properties

24 Boring Testing results 钻孔试样(孔上周缘) Grade I sample

25 Boring Testing results Bottom edge tear outing and fuzzy grain

26 59.26 % 40.74%4.59 excellent Grade I and Grade II : 59.26 % and 40.74% ; quality points: 4.59, meaning excellent Main defects tear outing and fuzzy grain along the edge of hole Boring testing results

27 Forming Tool MX519 Single Spindle Moulder 2.4 Shaping properties

28 Shaping testing results Without defects, fuzzy grain & burning samples

29 66.67% 33.33%4.67 Grade I and Grade II : 66.67% and 33.33% ; quality point: 4.67 excellent Quality level: excellent Main defects : fuzzy grain & burning Shaping testing results

30 3. Rubberwood Coating Properties An important process for high added- value wood products Protected and decorated

31 Coating adhesion : Coating adhesion : Based on ASTM D3359-93, a cutter is used to cut on the coating surface Wearability of coating Wearability of coating: based on GB/T17657- 1999 , equipment is Taber Abrasion Resistance type instrument 3. Rubberwood Coating Properties

32 Three coating processes : 1 ) brush the water-soluble painting 3 times 2) brush polyester paintings 3 times 3) brush the water-soluble painting twice and then to brush polyester painting once 3.1 Test methods of adhesion and wearability of coating

33 A cutter Taber Abrasion Resistance Instrument

34 3.1 Coating adhesion classification Tab. 5 Classification of adhesion results GradeASTM Classification Description I 5BThe edges of the cuts are completely smooth; none of the squares of the lattice is detached. 4BSmall flakes of the coating are detached at intersections; less than 5 % of the area is affected. II3BSmall flakes of the coating are detached along edges and at intersections III2BThe coating has flaked along the edges and on parts of the squares.The area affected is 15 to 35 % of the lattice. IV1BThe coating has flaked along the edges of cuts in large ribbons and whole squares have detached. The area affected is 35 to 65 % of the lattice. V0BFlaking and detachment worse than Grade 1.

35

36 Test results of coating adhesion Tab. 6 The adhesion properties of 3 coating processes Coating Processes Grade I(%) Grade II(%) Grade III(%) Quality points The first44.44 11.114.33 The second0.0044.4455.563.44 The third77.7822.220.004.78

37 3.2 Wearability of coating Wearability of coating: the anti-abrasion capacity of solid wood, which is very import for flooring

38 According to the weight loss per 100 rotates abrasion: Grade I≤0.08g/100r5pts 0.08g <Grade II ≤0.10g/100r4pts 0.10g/100g <Grade III(Qualified)≤0.15g/100r3pts Grade IV: >0.15g/100r2pts Similar equation was used to calculate the OVERALL Quality points 3.2 Wearability of coating

39 Testing results of wearability of coating Tab. 7 Wearability of coating of 3 different coating process Coating Process Grade I ( % ) Grade II ( % ) Grade III ( % ) Grade 4 ( % ) Quality Points The first100.00 5.00 The second 22.2277.780.67 The third33.3366.67 4.33

40 4. Comparison of Machining & Coating Properties between Rubberwood and Others excellent Quality level of machining & coating properties of rubber wood are excellent Very poor Poor Fair Good Excellent 012345 wearability of coating coating adhesion shaping boring sanding planing

41 Items Rubber wood OakWalnutBirch Planning Proportion of Grade 1 and 2 100 93.3100 Quality levelexcellentexcellent Sanding Proportion of Grade 1 and 2 100 96.88 Quality levelexcellentexcellent Boring Proportion of Grade 1 and 2 100 Quality levelexcellentexcellent Shaping Proportion of Grade 1 and 2 10082.89096.7 Quality levelexcellentgoodexcellent Coating adhesion Proportion of Grade 1 and 2 100 --100 Quality levelexcellentexcellent--excellent Wearability of coating Proportion of Grade 1 and 2 100 --100 Quality levelexcellentgood--good

42 The machining and coating properties are all excellent and within the Grade I range, which is better than that of furniture common used species such as oak, walnut and birch. Therefore, from the aspect of machining & coating properties, the rubberwood is good for solid wood products such as furniture and flooring 5. Conclusion

43 Furniture are made of rubberwood

44 Kitchen board, knife rest and boxes are made of rubberwood

45 For your attention 谢谢


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