3.  The origin of the order is commonly given as 65 MYA (million years ago)  Some estimates go back to 85 MYA

4. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Purgatorius_BW.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Purgatorius_BW.jpg

5.  55-65 MYA  Lived in N. America and Europe  Its fossils first discovered in Montana

6.  About 50 MYA, pretty soon after the dinosaurs go extinct, there is an explosion in the number of primate species—about 6000 species arise.  The 200 species now living are the what remains of this differentiation, and the descendants of the survivors.

8. TAXONEXAMPLE: YOUR PUPPY KingdomAnimalia PhylumChordata SubphylumVertebrata ClassMammalia OrderCarnivora FamilyCanidae GenusCanis SpeciesC. lupus

9.  Note: When writing the binomen of a species, use italics, and capitalize the name of the Genus!

10. TAXONYOUR PUPPYYOU KingdomAnimalia PhylumChordata SubphylumVertebrata ClassMammalia OrderCarnivoraPrimates FamilyCanidaeGreat Apes GenusCanisHomo SpeciesC. lupusH. sapiens

12. The most basic groups to think about:  Prosimians  Monkeys  Apes and humans

27. Adapted from Jurmain et al. (1998)

28.  Limbs and locomotion: › Erect or semi-erect posture › Generalized limb structure allows a variety of locomotive behaviors.

30.  Limbs and locomotion: › Prehensile hands and feet.  Five digits  Opposable thumbs and big toes  Fingernail instead of claws

31. SLOW LORIS

32.  Generalized diet and teeth

33.  The senses and the brain: › Color vision (diurnal primates only)

36.  The senses and the brain: › Stereoscopic vision (depth perception)  Eyes to the front  Visual information from each eye transmitted to visual centers in both hemispheres in the brain  Visual information processed by specialized brain structures

37. TARSIER

38.  The senses and the brain: › Large and complex brains  Visual information processing  Large areas involved with the hand

40.  Maturation, Learning and Behavior › Long gestation › Single births instead of litters › Delayed maturation › Tendency to live in mixed-age groups › Dependence on learned behavior

44.  Theories: › Improved access to food › Protection from predators

45.  Types of groups: › Multi-male/multi-female › Most common type. › Chimps and Bonobos usually live in mm/mf fission-fusion groups.

48.  Types of groups: › Pair-bond › Examples: Gibbons and Siamangs, some monkeys

50.  Types of groups: One-Male/Multi Female › Gorilla

57.  The study of animals and their habitats that looks for patterns of relationship between the environment and social behavior.

58.  Assumes that the various components of an environment have evolved together.

59.  Food (amounts, qualities, distribution)  Distribution of water  Predators (distribution, types)  Distribution of sleeping sites  Activity patterns (nocturnal/diurnal)  Relationships with other species  Impact of human activities

60.  Of the baboon… › (MM/MF) › Savanna › Predators can be common  Of the Slow Loris… › Solitary foraging › Insectivor › Slow moving

61.  The study of the relationship between behavior and natural selection. Sociobiological theory states that certain behaviors or behavioral pattern have been selected for because they increase reproductive success in individuals.

62.  Infanticide  K-selection (vs. r-selection)  Male / Female behaviors  Sexual dimorphism

63.  The lack of long-term data: › On demography › On social behavior › Resource distribution  Little data on relatedness through male line  How to assign reproductive costs and benefits to particular behaviors