1. Tamar Smuel Period 3 AP USH Mr. Hafter 10/5/2014

2. Shay’s Rebellion 1786-1787 Armed uprising that took place in Massachusetts Believed to have “fundamentally altered the course of United States history” Fueled by perceived economic terrorism and growing disaffection with State and Federal governments Daniel Shays led a group of rebels (called Shaysites) in rising up against Massachusetts' courts, and later marching on the United States' Federal Armory at Springfield in an unsuccessful attempt to seize its weaponry and overthrow the government.

4. Thomas Jefferson Americas 3 rd president Born in Albemarle County, Virginia Studied Law in the College of William and Mary Elected to the House of Burgesses Served as the governor of Virginia Served as the chairmen in the second continental congress He is best know for the authorship of the Declaration of Independence

5. Alexander Hamilton Lead the Federalist Party (Americas first political party) Known as one of the Founding fathers Served as chief of staff during George Washington’s presidency He is one of the most influential interpreters and promoters of the U.S. Constitution The founder of the nation's financial system

6. Alexander HamiltonJames MadisonThomas Jefferson

7. The Federalist- Anti Federalist debate Federalist:  Lead by Alexander Hamilton  1 st political party of the US  Supported the Constitution and looked for its ratification  Hamilton and Madison argued that there was no need for the Bill of Rights since it would limit the rights of the people

8. The Federalist- Anti Federalist debate Anti Federalist:  Opposed the Constitution  Argued that it threatened liberties and failed to protect individual rights  Unlike the Federalist the Anti Federalist were not a group but multiple groups with different beliefs

9. The Federalist- Anti Federalist debate  One group opposed the Constitution because they thought stronger government threatened the sovereignty of the states  Others argued that a new centralized government would have all the characteristics of Great Britain they had fought so hard to remove themselves from.

10. The Federalist- Anti Federalist debate  Others feared that the new government threatened their personal liberties.  Although the Anti-Federalists were unsuccessful in the prevention of the adoption of the Constitution, their efforts were responsible for the creation and implementation of the Bill of Rights.

12. The Federalist Papers The Federalist paper were anonymously published by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison The papers promoted the ratification of the US constitution The papers include 85 essays and articles

13. Bill of Rights Madison agreed that a Bill of Rights was necessary for legitimize the new government Congress approved 12 amendments in 1789, only 10 were ratified in 1791 This 10 amendments is what we know as the Bill of Rights Nine of them place limitation on Congress by forbidding it to interfere with certain basic rights The tenth gives all the power to the states except those specially withheld from them or delegated to the federal government

15. The Great Compromise On July 2 nd the convention agreed to create a “grand committee” with a single delegate from each state The committee made a proposal and it became known as The Great Compromise Defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution.

16. The Great Compromise Each slave was count as 3/5 th of a freemen for both taxation and representation On July 16 th, 1787 the committee agreed to the compromise

17. Checks and Balances With the institution of the Constitution one of the most important powers established was Checks and Balances This prevents one branch of government to become too powerful Each branch “checks” the power of the other branches to make sure that the power is balanced between them

19. The Elastic Clause “The Congress shall have Power... To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.”

20. The Elastic Clause Also know as the necessary and Proper clause One of the most powerful in the Constitution Empowers the Congress to make laws that are necessary and proper for carrying out its powers. This has been used for all types of federal actions including requiring integration in the states. It expressly confers incidental powers upon Congress, while no other clauses in the Constitution do so by themselves

21. The Elastic Clause The clause provoked controversy during discussions of the proposed constitution, and its inclusion became a focal point of criticism for those opposed to the Constitution's ratification Federalists argued that the clause would only permit execution of power already granted by the Constitution Anti-Federalists expressed concern that the clause would grant the federal government boundless power.

22. The Elastic Clause For several decades after the Constitution was ratified, the interpretation of the Necessary and Proper Clause continued to be a powerful bone of contention between the Democratic-Republican Party and the Federalist Party, and several other political parties in the United States Hamilton used the clause to defend the constitutionality of the creation of the First Bank of the United States, the first federal bank in the new nation's history.

24. Interpretation of the Constitution There is a dispute on why the constitution was written Some believe that it was to protect the economic interest of the elite even if it betrayed the principles of Revolution Other believe that it was to create a strong national government capable of exercising real authority