1. Characteristics of Life
Lesson 1

2. Invertebrates

3. Section Objectives: Identify the characteristics of animals.
Identify cell differentiation in the development of a typical animal.
Sequence the development of a typical animal.

4. What is an animal? Name the all the different types of animals you see in the pictures below.
Fawn, pig, goat girl and calf

5. Characteristics of Animals
A. Must be able to obtain food.
B. Be able to digest food.
C. Adaptations
D. Reproduce
E. Movement

6. Characteristics of Animals 9:57 min

7. Sessile Organisms that are permanently attached to one spot.
These animals have some moveable parts for gathering food and protection.
Ex: Sea anemone

8. camo

9. Motile Free moving stage in the life cycle of a sessile animal.
Use the water movement to move.

10. What might be some advantage to being motile in the early parts of the life cycle of a sessile organism?
Advantage is so they might move away from parent. Start a new colony etc.

11. Glycogen
A polysaccharide used for food storage.

12. Fertilization Occurs when a sperm penetrates the egg.
May occur internally or externally.

13. Answer is: All 2. Movement,
Be able to Obtain food, Able to digest food,
Adaptations, Reproduce 1. 2.

14. Multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes
Have more than one cell and must obtain food and energy by eating other organisms.

15. Embryo development 1. Fertilization 2. Zygote
3. Cleavage- zygote divides
4. Blastula - when the embryo becomes a hollow ball of cells.
5. Gastrula - As the blastula continues to develop, certain cells move inward from the surface, forming a two - layered, cup- shaped embryo.

17. Body Plans 6:18 min

18. The animals pictured below are probably ______.
Sessile

19. Areas of the gastrula A. Ectoderm - cells on the outer surface.
B. Endoderm - Layer of cells lining the inner surface.
C. Mesoderm - A layer some animals have that is located between the ectoderm and endoderm. Area where different organs and tissues develop.

20. 18. Endoderm 19. Endoderm, Ectoderm, Mesoderm
16. Openings in gastrula
17. Ectoderm
18. Endoderm Endoderm, Ectoderm, Mesoderm
20. Endoderm
21. Mesoderm
22. Ectoderm
23. Mesoderm

21. Protostome - proht uh stohm
Animal with a mouth that develops from the opening in the gastrula.
Snails, earthworms, and insects are examples of protostomes.

22. Deuterostome – dew tihr uh stohm
Animal in which the anus develops from cells elsewhere on the gastrula .
Sea Cucumber

23. Cell Differentiation in Animal Development
Sperm cells
Fertilization
Egg cell
Formation of mesoderm
First cell division
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm
Gastrulation
Additional cell divisions
Formation of a blastula

24. Larva
Intermediate stage of development. Usually bears little resemblance to the adult animal.
(Ex; butterfly)

25. You have just discovered a new organism that you think is an animal
You have just discovered a new organism that you think is an animal. In order to be classified an animal, what characteristics must it have?
Movement, Reproduce, Adaptation, Able to digest food, Be able to obtain food

26. If the animal described below is a sessile organism, write yes
If the animal described below is a sessile organism, write yes. If not write NO A. Barnacles attached to a ship’s hull. B. A spider lying in wait in the center of its web. C. Coral larvae drifting in a tropical ocean. D. Sponges growing on the outside of crab’s shell
A. Yes
B. No
C. No
D. Yes

27. The animal’s digestive tract forms from the _________ layer.
Endoderm

28. 1. _____ animal with a mouth that develops from the opening in the gastrula. 2. _____ embryonic structure of an animal that consists of two cell layers .
1. Protosome
2. Gastrula

29. 3. ______ describes organisms that don’t move from place to place. 4
3. ______ describes organisms that don’t move from place to place. 4. ______ layer of cells lining the inner surface of the gastrula. 5. _____ layer of cells on the outer surface of the gastrula.
3. Sessile
4. Endoderm
5. Ectoderm

30. 6. ______ single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled space that forms during early development. 7. ____ third cell layer formed in the developing embryo.
6. Blastula
7. Mesoderm

31. More Invertebrates

32. Section Objectives:
Compare and contrast radial and bilateral symmetry with asymmetry.
Trace the phylogeny of animal body plans.
Distinguish among the body plans of acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, and coelomate animals.

33. Body Plans
Most can be compared on the basis of symmetry and segmentation.

34. Body symmetry
Arrangement of body parts around a central axis. Balance in proportions of an object.

36. Radial symmetry Body parts radiating from a central axis.
Can be divided along any plane, through a central axis.
Ex: Sea star

37. Bilateral symmetry
Body parts arrange in pairs on either side of a central axis. Generally have more complex sense organs. Tend to be located in the anterior end. Animals can generally move faster.
Can divide down it’s length into similar right and left halves.

38. Asymmetry
Irregular shaped body.
Usually a sessile animal.
Ex: sponge

39. What shape?
Radial

40. What shape?
Bilateral

41. Dorsal
Refers to back surface.

42. Ventral
Refers to belly surface.

43. Posterior
Refers to rear or tail end.

44. Anterior
Refers to front or head end.

45. Segmentation Body parts divided into repeated units or segments.
Ex: earthworm, human vertebrae

46. Acoelomate
Organisms that have the 3 cell layers, (ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm) , but no body cavities.
Ex: flatworm
Acoelomate Flatworm
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Body cavity
Digestive tract

47. Coelomates (see loh mayts)
Coelom - A fluid filled space that is completely surrounded by mesoderm.
Greatest diversity of animals is found in this body plan.

48. Ex: earthworms, humans, insects.
Coelomate Segmented Worm
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Body cavity
Digestive tract
Coelom

49. Pseudocoelom - (sewd uh see lum)
Fluid - filled body cavity partly lined with mesoderm. Organisms called pseudocoelomates.
Ex: roundworm
Anus
Intestine
Mouth
Round body shape

51. 1. Bilateral Symmetry (could divide into pairs)
2. Moves, legs, central axis
3. Tree
4. Asymmetry (No shape, irregular)
5. Probably sessile
6. Stew
7. Radial Symmetry (Divide any place equal, or same)
8. Not as complex, can’t move as fast
9. Flower

52. Exoskeleton Hard encasement on the surface of an animal.
Ex: insects, crabs, snails and clams.

53. Endoskeleton
Rigid framework inside of an animal. This skeleton in echinoderms may be made of Calcium carbonate (CaCO3); cartilage as in sharks or bones.
Ex: human, vertebrates.

54. Vertebrates
Animals with a backbone. All are bilaterally symmetrical animals that have endoskeletons.

55. Invertebrates
Animals without a backbone.
Jellyfish
Sea Anemone
Coral

56. Animal fossils become abundant at the beginning of the Cambrian period.
Scientist have traced evolution back in time to this period.

57. Fossils
Oldest known fossils of animals are more than 600 million years old. Scientist theorize may be as early as million years ago.

58. Animal Ancestors 9:47 min

59. Instruments

60. Instruments

61. Instruments
Microscope Triple Beam Balance

62. Question 1 A. radial symmetry C. bilateral – anterior B. asymmetry
A sea star exhibits _______.
A. radial symmetry
C. bilateral – anterior
B. asymmetry
D. bilateral – posterior

63. The answer is A, radial symmetry.

64. Question 2 A. jellyfish B. starfish C. octopus D. sea urchin
Which of the following animals does NOT exhibit radial symmetry?
A. jellyfish
B. starfish
C. octopus
D. sea urchin

65. The answer is C. An octopus exhibits bilateral symmetry.

66. Question 3
As you look at the cross sections of animals in the following figure, give the reason why animals with the basic cross section in the middle and on the far right will tend to be larger than animals with the far-left cross section.

67. Question 3 Coelomate Segmented Worm Pseudocoelomate Roundworm
Acoelomate Flatworm
Pseudocoelom
Coelom
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Body cavity
Digestive tract

68. Answer
The development of fluid-filled body cavities made it possible for animals to grow larger because it allowed for the efficient circulation and transport of fluids, and support for organs and organ systems.

69. Question 4 A. eukaryotic B. multicellular C. heterotrophic
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of animals?
A. eukaryotic
B. multicellular
C. heterotrophic
D. prokaryotic
The answer is D.

70. Question 5 A. live only underground B. are autotrophs
Sessile animals _______.
A. live only underground
B. are autotrophs
C. are permanently attached to a surface
D. live only on land

71. The answer is C. Sessile animals are permanently attached to a surface.

72. Question 6 A. digestion B. physically responding to a light stimulus
Ingestion is another word for _______.
A. digestion
B. physically responding to a light stimulus
C. breathing
D. eating

73. The answer is D, eating.

74. Question 7 A. sponge – spicule B. mollusk – shell C. flatworm – coelom
Which of the following pairs of terms is not related?
A. sponge – spicule
B. mollusk – shell
C. flatworm – coelom
D. coral – larvae
The answer is C.

75. Question 8 A. endoskeleton B. backbone C. bilaterally symmetrical
Which of the following is NOT a vertebrate feature?
A. endoskeleton
B. backbone
C. bilaterally symmetrical
D. pseudocoelom
The answer is D.