1. Biological Properties

2. Biological attributes of a waterway can be important indicators of water quality. Biological attributes refer to the number and types of organisms that inhabit a waterway. The poorer the quality of water, the fewer the number and types of organisms that can live in it.number and types of organisms

3. Great candidates for biological monitoring… Benthic Macroinvertebrates Heptageniidae sp. (Mayfly larva) Hydropsyche sp. (Caddisfly larva) Perlodidae sp. (Stonefly larva) (bottom-dwelling)(animals w/o backbones visible to naked eye) (bottom-dwelling) (animals w/o backbones visible to naked eye)

4. Macroinvertebrates as Indicators Limited migration patterns–good indicators of localized conditions and site-specific impacts Easy to sample and identify Broad range of habitat requirements and sensitivities to pollution

5. The Tolerance Index 0 - 10 most pollution sensitive e.g. Stoneflies 010 most pollution tolerant e.g. Midges & Leeches require high DO, clear water, rocky cobble substrate contain hemoglobin, tolerate lower DO, prefer soft substrate, less sensitive to toxins

6. Stonefly Water Penny Beetle Mayfly Dobsonfly Alderfly Mussel Snipe Fly Riffle Beetle Macroinvertebrates as Indicators Pollution Sensitive ( “ Clean Water ” ) Benthos

7. Macroinvertebrates as Indicators Blackfly Caddisfly Isopod Cranefly Damselfly Dragonfly Crayfish Amphipod Somewhat Pollution Tolerant Benthos

8. Macroinvertebrates as Indicators Pouch Snail Midgefly Worm Leech Pollution Tolerant ( “ Polluted Water ” ) Benthos