1. COLEOPTERA beetles and weevils

2. COLEOPTERA Coleos: sheath Ptera: wing Complete Chewing Wings: –Front: hardened (elytra), not for flight –Back: membranous Larva are grubs

3. WHITE GRUBS C-shaped larva Several different species are a pest

4. WHITE GRUBS Identify species by rastral pattern

5. WHITE GRUBS Identify species by rastral pattern

6. WHITE GRUBS

7. Weevils are legless white grubs

8. WHITE GRUBS HOST Turf Lush, high irrigation and fertilization Many are harmless, feed on OM

9. WHITE GRUBS DAMAGE Consume roots in late summer Water stress spots in mid-August

10. WHITE GRUBS MONITOR Direct sample (8 to 12 grubs / sq ft) Pull water stressed spots in August –Mole crickets?

11. WHITE GRUBS CONTROL Milky spore, Japanese beetle only

12. JAPANESE BEETLE (98) Larva: white grub The grub was introduced in 1916 from Japan on Iris roots

13. JAPANESE BEETLE (98)

15. HOST Larva: turf roots Adult: rose, Prunus, maple, other woody plants…

16. JAPANESE BEETLE (98) DAMAGE Larva: feed on turf roots Adult: June to September

17. JAPANESE BEETLE (98) DAMAGE Tissue between veins (young leaves) Lacey symptoms

18. JAPANESE BEETLE (98) DAMAGE Also eat fruit and blossoms

19. JAPANESE BEETLE (98) MONITOR Pheromone traps Branch beating adults

20. JAPANESE BEETLE (98) CONTROL Larva: Milky spore disease, nematodes, insecticide Established woody can tolerate

21. WEEVILS (92) Snouts beetles Many flightless (elytra fused) Larva: legless grubs

22. WEEVILS (92) HOST Whitefringed beetle: Azalea Palmetto weevil: Palms Other weevils, most other woody plants…

23. WEEVILS (92) Whitefringed beetle

24. WEEVILS (92) DAMAGE: Whitefringed beetle Adults: notched symptoms on foliage in July

25. WEEVILS (92) CONTROL: Whitefringed beetle Plants tolerant in Lowcountry

29. WEEVILS (92) Palmetto weevil

30. WEEVILS (92) DAMAGE: Palmetto weevil Dying or weak palm gives off scent Male locates susceptible palm, releases pheromone It’s all over after that

31. WEEVILS (92) DAMAGE: Palmetto weevil Larva feeds on crown “Breaks” the neck

34. WEEVILS (92) CONTROL: Palmetto weevils Insecticides no good once infested Cut down before adult emerges Mass trapping and sanitation

35. BARK BEETLES (173) Size of rice Dark, red, brown, or black Southern Pine Beetle

36. BARK BEETLES (173) Vectors blue stain fungus

37. BARK BEETLES (173) Larvae tunnel called galleries (packed with frass)

38. BARK BEETLES (173) HOST Pine, spruce… Plants in weakened state (predisposed)

39. BARK BEETLES (173) DAMAGE Larvae tunnel through the phloem Pitch around boring holes Sawdust below Further weaken host

40. BARK BEETLES (173) DAMAGE European Elm Bark Beetle –1904 in Boston Attacks American Elms and introduces spores of the Dutch Elm Disease (DED)

41. BARK BEETLES (173)

46. MONITORING Declining branches –Break open Pheromone traps

47. BARK BEETLES (173) CONTROL Avoid unseasoned firewood storage near hosts –Cover with plastic for several months Destroy infected branches Systemic insecticides do NOT work once there are symptoms Some resistant varieties, such as Valley Forge American elm

48. BORERS (179) Flathead borers Legless grub

49. BORERS (179) Flathead borers Metallic adults (copper, blue, green) Steamlined, bullet shaped Grooved wings

50. BORERS (179) Flathead borers

51. BORERS (179) Roundhead borers

52. BORERS (179) Roundhead borers Long antennae (long horn beetles)Long antennae (long horn beetles)

53. BORERS (179) HOST Predisposed trees Mostly deciduous Rarely attack healthy host

54. BORERS (179) DAMAGE Larvae bore throughout tree Finish off dying host

55. BORERS (179) MONITOR Limb dieback Boring holes wet or oozing

56. BORERS (179) MONITOR Limb dieback Boring holes wet or oozing

58. BORERS (179) CONTROL Avoid unseasoned firewood storage near hosts Destroy infected branches Systemic insecticides do NOT work

59. TWIG BEETLES Twig borer Lay eggs in twig and introduce Ambrosia fungus Larva feed on fungus Pupate in twig before winter

60. TWIG BEETLES Twig borer HOST Southern Magnolia, redbud, dogwood…

62. TWIG BEETLES Twig borer DAMAGE Small branches wilting and dying Hole located at base Does not harm the health on host

63. Red Bay Ambrosia Beetle Decimating red bay trees Red bay wilt (closely related to DED) http://okeechobee.if as.ufl.edu/News%2 0columns/Red.Bay. htmhttp://okeechobee.if as.ufl.edu/News%2 0columns/Red.Bay. htm

64. Red Bay Ambrosia Beetle Discoloration of outer sapwood

65. Red Bay Ambrosia Beetle May push out “stick” as it feeds