1. Andrew Emili Ontario Research Chair in Biomarkers of Clinical Management Donnelly Center, UofT Biomarker Discovery 2012 Symposium of Ontario Research Chairs in Public Policy Osgoode Professional Development, March 5 th, 2012 Building Personalized Medicine in Ontario

2. Personalized Medicine Stem cells,... Genes linked to Alzheimer’s, autism, diabetes,... Cancer drugs tailored to treat an individual tumor,...

3. Containing the Health-Care Burden

4. Genomic Landscape In only a year or two, the cost of determining a person’s complete DNA blueprint is expected to fall below $1,000. 30,000 human genomes sequenced by years end, number will rise to millions in a few years.

5. Diversity: Targeting Therapies

6. Informative, minimally invasive, low cost,... Informative, reliable, minimally-invasive, low cost,... Biomarkers: Clinical Surrogates

7. Biomarkers: Measurable Outcomes

8. Biomarkers: Clinical Assays

9. Major challenges are to: Discover, Interpret, Validate, & Commercialize new biomakers in the lab, clinic and marketplace How Does (my) Research Fit in?

10. Examples: Work in Progress 1. Gramolini, Emili, Liu, MacLennan, Isserlin, Kislinger, and Roche Diagnostics. "The use of insulin like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) in the assessment of heart failure". Submitted January 25, 2007 to the European Patent Office. (App # 7001582.1) (Nov 11, 2010 US Application US-2010-0285491-A1) 2.Gramolini, Emili, Liu, MacLennan, Isserlin, Kislinger, and Roche Diagnostics. "The use of skeletal muscle LIM protein 1 isoform-1 (SLIM1) in the assessment of heart failure". Submitted March 8, 2007 to the European Patent Office. (App # 07004740.2) (Nov 11, 2010 US Application US-2010-0285492-A1) 3.Gramolini, Emili, Liu, MacLennan, Isserlin, Kislinger, and Roche Diagnostics. "The use of Nogo-A in the assessment of heart failure". Submitted Feb 18, 2007 to the European Patent Office. (App # 07003409.5) 4.Gramolini, Emili, Liu, MacLennan, Isserlin, Kislinger, and Roche Diagnostics. "The use of Nogo-C in the assessment of heart failure". Submitted March 6, 2007 to the European Patent Office. (App # 07004532.3) European patent granted #EP1967853 "Use of Nogo-C in the assessment of heart failure". Published Jan 27, 2010. 5.Gramolini, Emili, Liu, MacLennan, Isserlin, Kislinger, and Roche Diagnostics. "The use of dihydropyraminidinase related protein 3 (DRP3) in the assessment of heart failure". Submitted March 19, 2007 to the European Patent Office. (App # 07005540.5) 6.Gramolini, Emili, Liu, MacLennan, Isserlin, Kislinger, and Roche Diagnostics. "The use of myosin-binding protein C in the assessment of heart failure". Submitted March 26, 2007 to the European Patent Office. (App # 07006135.3) 7.Gramolini, Emili, Liu, MacLennan, Isserlin, Kislinger, and Roche Diagnostics. "The use of calponin H2 in the assessment of heart failure". Submitted April 2, 2007 to the European Patent Office. (App # 07006843.2) 8.Gramolini, Emili, Arab, Liu, MacLennan, Isserlin, and Roche Diagnostics. "The use of secreted frizzled-related protein in the assessment of heart failure". Submitted May 8, 2008 to the European Patent Office. (App # 08008304.1) World patent granted #WO/2009/132815 "Use of SFRP-3 in the assessment of heart failure". Published April 28, 2009 9.Gramolini, Emili, Arab, Liu, MacLennan, Isserlin, and Roche Diagnostics. "Use of biglycan in the assessment of heart failure". Submitted Oct 17, 2008 to the European Patent Office. (App # 08018196.9) 10.Gramolini, Emili, Arab, Liu, MacLennan, Isserlin, and Roche Diagnostics. "Use of mimecan in the assessment of heart failure". Submitted August 20, 2010 to the European Patent Office. (App# 26218WO) 11.Arab, Emili, Gramolini, Liu, MacLennan, and Roche Diagnostics. "Use of biglycan in the assessment of heart failure". Submitted March 15, 2011 to the US Patent Office. (App #13/048196) (US-2011-0165592-A1; July 7, 2011)

11. Improving Outcomes