1. Artículos y sustantivos (Articles and nouns)
Capítulo 1

2. El and La are called definite articles.
Definite articles are specific.
They are the equivalent to the Eng. word “the.”
el curso
the course
la clase
the class
Definite articles
El and La are called definite articles.
El is used with masculine singular nouns.
La is used with feminine singular nouns

3. (Rt side)
Masculine el
the
Feminine la

4. Un and una are called indefinite articles.
Indefinite articles are not specific.
They are equivalent to the Eng. words “a” or “an.”
un curso
a course
una clase
a class
Indefinite articles
Un and una are called indefinite articles.
Un is used with masculine singular nouns.
Una is used with feminine singular nouns.

5. Masculine un
a, an
Feminine
una

6. Nouns refer to people, animals, places, things, and ideas.
They are either masculine or feminine.
Most nouns that end in –o are masculine.
Most nouns that end in –a are feminine.
Nouns
In Spanish, nouns have gender

7. Masculine
Feminine
El curso
La escuela
El bolígrafo
La hoja de papel
The definite articles el and la also point out if a word is masculine or feminine. (el is masc. and la is fem.)
Both el and la mean “the.”
El and la can be replaced by un and una.

8. Spanish nouns that end in –e or a consonant must be learned as either masculine or feminine.
You should practice them with their def. articles, el or la.
Masculine
Feminine
El profesor
La joven
El lápiz
La conversación

9. The plural of una is unas. Plural articles
The plural of el is los.
The plural of la is las.
The plural of un is unos.
The plural of una is unas.
Unos and Unas mean “some” or “a few.”
Plural articles
The singular definite articles are el and la.
The singular indefinite articles are un and una.

10. To make a noun plural
If a noun ends in a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) then you add an –s to the end of the noun to make it plural.
If a noun ends in a consonant, then you add an –es to the end of the noun to make it plural.
muchacha → muchachas
amigo → amigos
profesor → profesores
español → españoles

11. Singular nouns that end in z change to c in the plural (then you add the –es)
lápiz → lápices
nariz → narices

12. AGREEMENT
Just as an article and noun must agree when it is singular, it also must agree in the plural.
A plural noun has a plural article.
The nouns and articles must also AGREE in gender (masc. nouns with masc. articles.; fem nouns with fem articles.)

13. Make these plural Los relojes El reloj Las ventanas La ventana
Unos disquetes
Unas mesas
El reloj
La ventana
Un disquete
Una mesa