1. EFFECT OF 0 -100 ppm of CH 4 ON POWER EFFICIENCY Testing the efficiency of ozone by using different levels of N 2 and CH 4 Levels of N 2 – 1.00, 0.75, 0.50, 0.25, 0.00 % By: Flordeliza Lingat

2. Ozone Generated in the Lab *Photo courtesy of Dr. Frielich

3. Generation of Ozone Cold plasma discharges – Dielectric layer covers metal electrode – Relatively low temperature and high pressure Important factor for discharge because limits discharge current between metal electrode and it distributes microdischarges over entire electrode area Ionization occurs in discharge gap and charge accumulates on the dielectric – When voltage is applied, microdischarges are induced – Electric discharges causes oxygen to undergo chemical reactions induced by the initial electron impact that causes ion formation and dissociation of the various discharge species – Humidity influences electric properties of microdischarges. - Dr. Jose Lopez

4. Cylindrical DBD - diagram courtesy of Dr. Lopez

5. The Dielectric Barrier Discharge Tube

6. Kinetics of Ozone Formation In pure oxygen, which is used in most commercial ionizers, O3 formation is a straightforward process. O3 always originates from a three body reaction of an atom reacting with two O2 molecules where O3 stands for a transient excited state in which the O3 molecule is initially formed. The time scale for O3 formation in atmospheric-pressure oxygen is a few microseconds.

7. It has been seen that there is greater ozone efficiency where there are less impurities in the system. The experiment is still in progress and the spectrograph will be used to take more accurate data.

8. Experimental Setup and Schematics Top view of the two experimental units and schematics of the setup. Plasma Reactor Spectrometer Grating z Fiber optic PMT/CCD Computer/Recorder Plasma

9. Typical Schematic Design of a Water Treatment Plant That Uses Ozone

10. Biomedical Advantages - from Viviana Alvitres Inactivation of Bacteria Inactivation of Bacteria Blood coagulation Blood coagulation Sterilization and healing of wounds Sterilization and healing of wounds Treatment of living tissues Treatment of living tissues Treatment of damage skin Treatment of damage skin

11. Inactivation of Bacteria by Ozone - from Catherine Flores Attacks numerous cellular constituents Attacks numerous cellular constituents Acid-fast bacteria Acid-fast bacteria Gram-positive bacteria vs. Gram-negative bacteria Gram-positive bacteria vs. Gram-negative bacteria

12. Ozone and Oxidation Ozone is an oxidant Ozone is an oxidant – Oxidative stress – Reducing environment – Toxic effects

13. Ozone and Microplasma The technology of ozone generation is an open field and many new products had surfaced. One company TMEIC had claimed to have developed the industry’s highest yielding ozone at a concentration of 400 mg/m 3 and does not use nitrogen gas (Japan,2007) The use of microplasma to generate ozone has expanded from industry, to medicine, to dental science. Microplasma stamps are used to cover dental cavities.

14. Thank you Dr. Clayton, Dr. Lopez, Dr. Frielich, Dr. Zhu, John Ruppert, Dr. Valencia, all guest speakers and Fr. O’ Brien Thanks to Catherine Flores,Viviana Alvitres, Angellica Ceballos, SPC staff, PARSE FELLOWS