1. TRANSFORMERMONITORING Integrated Solutions. Christian BuchnerAREA SALES MANAGER NORTHERN EUROPE

2. Product facts ISM-solutions IKey features & current projects Monitoring of power transformers IISM-solutions monitoring package The approach for fleet monitoring ICommunication concept & example project information Requirements for todays power transformers in Smart Grid Isafe & reliable Icost reduction & reduction of maintanence costs Icontrolled overload capability Ilong lifetime (extention) safe and profitable SMART GRID

3. Product facts ISM-solutions IKey features & current projects Monitoring of power transformers IISM-solutions monitoring package The approach for fleet monitoring ICommunication concept & example project information How to achive this I life cycle management I intelligent data management I asset management and risk management I load profiles and load forecasting online and realtime monitoring system SMART GRID

4. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT Information and communication technology Cornerstones ICRM, customer relationship management IHCM, health care management ISCM, supply chain management IERP, enterprise resource planning

5. data acquisition analogue, digital existing sensors retrofit of new sensors aggregation and storage of data interpretation of data limit values events recommendation maintenance,… visualization webserver communication IEC61850, 104, DNP3,… control e.g. AVR, cooling control INTELLIGENT DATA MANAGEMENT

6. ASSET MANAGEMENT Equipment condition time new condition failure level ageing factors  degradation of equipment condition 100 % 0  consequently we need a monitoring system, indicating the condition of the asset.  Maintenance Strategies: instead of time based … instead of falilure based …  in order to use the assets at their maximum we should go towards condition based.

7. RISK MANAGEMENT Risk Management Aspects in terms of Transformer Monitoring  Risk reduction  Minimizing of negative effects or probabilities of risk  Acceptance of potential consequences on particular risk Risk evaluation Composite Risk Index CR I = I x P ( Composite Risk Index = Impact of Risk event x Probability of Occurrence)

8. TRANSFORMER FAILURES Winding 34% Other19.5% Tank21% Core5% OLTC26% Bushing20% Includes multiple answers

9. MONITORING POWER TRANSFORMERS Transformer temperature and ageing Source: IEC 60076-6 Hotspot Temperature °C Relative aging rate 800,125 860,25 920,5 981,0 1042,0 1104,0 1168,0 12216,0 12832,0 13464 140128 The hot-spot temperature is equal to the sum of the ambient temperature, the top-oil temperature rise in the tank, and the temperature difference between the hot-spot and top-oil in the tank. aging rate factor ( 0 < λ < 1(ς) )

10. MONITORING POWER TRANSFORMERS Gas characteristics at insulating failure Source: IEC 60076-6 Top Oil Temperature Lifetime 0% humidity Lifetime 2% humidity 80°C118 years5,7 years 90°C38 years1,9 years 98°C15 years0,8 years Influence of humidity to transformer aging rate transformer life health index

11. MONITORING POWER TRANSFORMERS DGA - Gas characteristics at insulating failure Source: Duval ~24h I Hydrogen (H2) I Oxygen(O2) I Methane (CH4) I Carbon Monoxide (CO) I Carbon Dioxide (CO2) I Ethane (C2H6) I Ethylene (C2H4) I Acetylene (C2H2) I TDCG I Load guide Key gases I Hydrogen (H2) I Carbon Monoxide (CO) I Ethylene (C2H4) I Acetylene (C2H2) Failures I low energy H2, CH4, C2H6, CO, CO2. I high temperature C2H4 I very high temperature/energy C2H2

12. MONITORING OLTC  While talking about Transformer Monitoring, it must be remembered, that OLTC is a high complex part of a Power Transformer.  One major aspect when talking about Risk of failure of an OLTC is the maintenance strategy. Equipment condition time in years* new condition stress level 100% degradation ageing factors  degradation of equipment condition actual condition preventive condition based 100 % 7 12-15 *(resp. No. of operations) 0

13. FUNCTIONS: OLTC monitoring IContact wear and carbonization, operation counter, operation statistics, maintenance intervals IMotor-drive supervision (tap position indication, motor- runtime, motor protective switch) General IDigital nameplate for the transformer, OLTC & MDU ICommunication protocol IEC61850 IFlexible visualization via integrated web browser Transformer monitoring IMeasurement of temperatures (ambient, top- oil, hotspot) I3-phase voltage and current measurement, calculation of power and cos phi IThermal transformer monitoring (hot-spot calculation, relative aging rate calculation) IGas in oil monitoring: DGA supervision for 2 fault gases (CO & H 2 ) and moisture in oil IStatus information about transformer protection systems MONITORING OLTC

14. ISM ® – SOLUTIONS / -TECHNOLOGY TESSA ® FLEET MONITORING TESSA ® SUBSTATION

15. limit value gas-in-oil – content (e.g. CO) time 0 ppm 1500 ppm    ISM ® – SOLUTIONS / -TECHNOLOGY FLEET MONITORING TESSA ® ANALYSIS OF TRENDS I unexpected deviation between similar transformer-values-types transformer  transformer  transformer  TESSA ® activates alarm

16. temperature in °C time 0 130    ISM ® – SOLUTIONS / -TECHNOLOGY FLEET MONITORING TESSA ® ANALYSIS TEMPERATURES I unexpected deviation between identical transformers transformer  transformer  transformer  TESSA ® activates alarm

17. load in % time 0 100    ISM ® – SOLUTIONS / -TECHNOLOGY FLEET MONITORING TESSA ® ANALYSIS LOAD SHARING SUBSTATIONS I unexpected load share between substations substation  substation  substation 

18. ISM ® – SOLUTIONS / -TECHNOLOGY FLEET MONITORING TESSA ® EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION I signalization of events and trends within the TESSA ® -system I sending of emails and / or SMS... I regional  different service-groups will be contacted depending of affected region I component-specific  different service-instances will be contacted depending of affected components  

19. with monitoring without Purchasing 1. Maintenance 2. Maintenance 3. Maintenance 4. Maintenance date Costs Time Cost savings with optimal utilization COMPARISON COSTS IN MAINTENANCE 1. Maintenance 2. Maintenance

20. LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT Scotish Power Energy Networks Reduce costs through increase system efficency and lower network invests Invest 744 Mio. £ Savings 50 Mio. £ per 100MW investment 4 Mio. £ per annual operational savings Source: LCNI conference 2014

21. Christian Buchner MASCHINENFABRIK REINHAUSEN GMBH - Power Transmission / Automation & Control - - Area Sales Manager Northern Europe - Falkensteinstr. 8, 93059 Regensburg Phone: (+49) 941 4090 7910 Mobil: (+49) 941 4090 87910 Fax: (+49) 941 4090-7901 Email c.buchner@reinhausen.com Internet www.reinhausen.comc.buchner@reinhausen.comwww.reinhausen.com