1. EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 ECR Ion Sources R&D at LPSC * - Grenoble T. Lamy J. Angot, M. Marie-Jeanne, T. Thuillier, P. Sortais * Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie

2. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 Where, who, which ? n LPSC (CNRS-IN2P3, UJF, INPG) Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie Grenoble –225 persons, 105 technical staff –Particle Physics, Cosmology, Nuclear Physics, Accelerators, Applications (energy production, medicine), industrial collaborations n Accelerator and Ion Sources Pole, 20 persons (6 fixed term contract) –Resources n Technical –7 beam lines –Radio frequency laboratory and clean room –surface treatment laboratory n Financial –CNRS/IN2P3, European programmes, Research National Agency (ANR), projects n 10 persons for ECR Ion Source R&D activities 2

3. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 ECR Ion sources 3 n Present high performance ECR ion sources n Expected for Physics –Higher and higher intensities... (1 mA Ar 12+ ) –Higher and higher charge states... (500 mA U 35+ ) –Increase of the ECR frequency in order to increase the plasma density n Beyond the state of the art –Presently no real experimental R&D programme in the world –Superconducting prototypes (18 + 28 GHz) US – China - Japan –Higher frequencies prototype simulations (56 GHz) n No novel concept I ∝ ω HF 2 M i -1 ω ce = q e B / M e = ω HF B axial B radial Minimum B += 18 GHz 28 GHz

4. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 ECR Ion sources for Accelerators (I) n SPIRAL2 Multi ionization (1+*→n+*) Target ion source (1+)* production 10 14 fissions/s (n+)* acceleration High intensity stable ion beams Acceleration Ion source Q/A=1/3 development ECR charge breeder 4 Vertical N+ line design LEBT construction and tests

5. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 ECR ion sources and beam lines 5 n ECR ion sources developments require efficient beam lines –Ex.: SPIRAL2 Low Energy Beam Line and the PHOENIX V2 ECR ion source Solenoid Quadrupole Triplets Magnetic spectrometer 110 mm gap Sextupole Faraday Cup Beam profile monitor X&Y Allison type emittancemeter Slits Faraday Cup Beam profile monitors Slits PHOENIX V2 Design CEA Saclay, GANIL, IPNO Ø 150 mm pipe, UHV T=100 % 0.4 π.mm.mrad (norm RMS) Assembled at LPSC June 2008 – End 2009 First beam May 2009 Commissioning Ar, O, Xe EPICS control command

6. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 ECRIS PHOENIX V2 (18 GHz) and LEBT 6 n PHOENIX source (developed for pulsed LHC beams) –Improved magnetic field (axial 1.7 2.1 T, radial 1.2 1.35 T) –Bias disk, Al plasma chamber, 60 kV extraction system … 1.25 - 0.5 - 2.1 T Bz axial mirror Ions Extraction 2 layers Hexapole 60 kV core Gas, oven 18 GHz Waveguide PHOENIX V2 130 µA Ar 12+ pi.mm.mrad rms H : 0.3 V : 0.25 Profile of O 6+, 800 µA Best O 6+ 1.05 mA

7. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 PHOENIX V2 and LEBT results 7 n Beam line transmission and resolution Calcium beams Calcium beams –GANIL high capacity ovens Horizontal profile slits 20mm Xe 25+ O 3+ 300 µA 40 µA Xe 25+ Horizontal profile slits 5 mm T= 95% R= 1% 25 µA 40 Ca 12+ Without optimization

8. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 n A hybrid ECRIS : –2 HTS He free coils –Largest permament magnet hexapole, 2 small ones under HTS coils –1 room temperature Coil n B radial > 1.9 T at magnets, 1.55 T at plasma chamber walls A-PHOENIX Hybrid 28 GHz ECRIS 8 Axial field B inj =3 T B ext ≤ 3 T 1 2 3 3 B r = 2.1 T (iron sticks) Radial field

9. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 n Soon tested at 28 GHz n SPIRAL2 commissioning with PHOENIX V2 or A-PHOENIX prototype n New project for a fully superconducting 28 + 18 GHz ECR ion source ̶ Within FP7 Cluster of Research Infrastructures for Synergies in Physics A-PHOENIX details 9 18 GHz injection flange Moveable injection flange 18 GHz + 28 GHz Injection flange

10. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 PHOENIX ECR charge breeder 10 n Initially developed at LPSC n SPIRAL2 and SPES – INFN/LNL charge breeders to be built at LPSC n On going R&D with SPES – INFN/LNL, collaboration projects (ANR, NuPNET) Grounded tube DC Breaker 1+ beam optics Dble Einzel lens HF window Permaglass ring Central insulator Plasma chamber Hexapole Axial confinement coils Extraction tube Magnet yoke (soft Iron) Gas inlet Chamber cooling High voltage Insulators (Al2O3) HV CSB HV 2 HV 1  Initial configuration  Efficiency  Charge breeding time

11. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 n Due to potential high radioactivity: ‘nuclearization’ of the charge breeder ̶ Increase reliability of critical components, strengthen weak parts ̶ Decrease the time necessary for maintenance operations (yellow zone) ̶ Study all maintenance operations SPIRAL2 charge breeder nuclearization 11 Injection sub-module Extraction sub-module Source sub-module Frame(fixed) Module(mobile)

12. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 CSBreeder injection submodule details 12

13. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 n ‘Laboratoire Européen Associé’ COLLIGA agreement –INFN-LNL neutron convertor to SPIRAL2  IN2P3-LPSC charge breeder to SPES n Scientific collaboration – Conceptual design of the SPES charge breeder n Design and construction by LPSC – joint tests and commissioning 13 Charge breeder R&D 1.1 T 1.13 T 14 GHz 18 GHz Magnetic field symetrization Fine frequency tuning, known in ECRIS To improve efficiency Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier 13.75 -14.5 GHz input -17 dB (20µW) Max Power 400 W No clear improvement In present Charge breeder (due to grounded Tube ?)

14. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 n Simulation of a new simplified configuration n Much better HF coupling (2 times less power), better stability, reproducibility, tunings easier, better efficiencies ( 85 Rb 17+ from 3 to 6 %) 1+ injection simplification in CSB n SIMION calculations including 3D magnetic field –Grounded tube to slow down 1+ ions n Degasing source, mechanical complexity 14 HF Plasma chamber HF Grounded tube

15. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 n Beta beams –Euro-nu (neutrino beams facility) Decay ring Scheme based on CERN accelerators ECR Ion sources for Accelerators (II) 251.33 m 10 Hz 50 µs For a 100 % ionization efficiency I(He 2+ ) = 32 mA + all other species I extracted  100 mA 6 He  6 Li + e - + e- High intensity, High ionization efficiency 10 Hz operation Radiation hard, low cost.... ECR ion source low volume, high plasma density (high ECR frequency) 6 He (t 1/2 = 807 ms), 18 Ne, 8 B, 8 Li Continuous production 5. 10 13 pps e- 15

16. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 n CUSP magnetic structure –Compact source (l = 100 mm) –Spherical ECR zone at center ECR ion source for Beta beams 16 ECR 4 T 3 T 6 T 4 T Injection Extraction Magnetic field lines crossing the ECR zone don’t touch the walls 60 mm 100 mm between the B max ECR zone 2.14 T n Specifications – 60 GHz ECR, 10 Hz duty factor – Cw magnetic field (future cw source) – Radially 4T – Injection 6 T – Extraction 3 T – 2.14 T Spherical zone Presently no ECRIS with such a (high) magnetic field highest ECR frequency :28 GHz highest ECR frequency :28 GHz Conceptual design undergoing for superconducting 56 GHz minimum B ECRIS in US

17. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 n Purpose: R&D towards high ECR frequency for future ECRIS –Low cost and fast development –No superconductors, high field techniques (copper and water) –Collaboration with CNRS intense magnetic fields (LNCMI) n Choice : Polyhelix technique (high currents in copper helices) n It allows a continuous current density variation along the helix, so fine B optimization variation along the helix, so fine B optimization n Simulation of 4 radially cooled helices Technological choices 17 Injection Extraction H1 H2H2 H3 H4 z R Inj Ext Chambre Plasma hélices extraction H4 H2 hélices injection H3 H1

18. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 60 GHz ECRIS prototype simulation 18 n 3D Simulation with Getdp –Exact geometry from CAD + mesher –Thermal study Injection Extraction H1 H2 H3 H4 Magnetic field lines 2.14 T BrBr Proto Alu H1 7 T injection (spec. 6T) 3.5 T ion extraction (spec. 3T) 4.9 T radial mirror (spec. 4T)

19. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 Prototype design and construction 19 2 sub-assemblies helices and current leads The basic part: ‘exchanger’ CAD 25 bars 50 l/s

20. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 60 GHz ECRIS prototype setup 20 M5 site 15000 A Magnetic field measurements Up to 15000 A Spherical 28 GHz ECR zone Next steps 2011-2012 Ion beams (ECR 28 GHz) Magnetic field measurements Up to 30000 A 2012-2013 Ion beams at 60 GHz

21. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 60 GHz gyrotron 21 n 60 GHz 300 kW gyrotron manufacturing at Institute of Applied Physics - RAS (Nizhny Novgorod – Russia) ISTC Project No. 3965 –Radiation frequency 60 GHz, MW power 10 - 300 kW –Pulse duration from 50 ms to 1 ms, pulse repetition rate up to 5 Hz Tube Gyrotron in the cryomagnet Matching Optics Unit Delivery at Grenoble fall 2012

22. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 Ultra compact 2.45 GHZ ion source n Mm : COMIC source Patent request : N° 0857068 n Mono-beam : COMIC source Patent request : N° 0857068 Compact, low power (< 10 W) Compact, low power (< 10 W) Delivers very stable currents  1 mA Delivers very stable currents  1 mA 22 Gaz HF ~ 3 cm n Miniaturization allows many applications applications ~ 50 cm ~ 16 cm CO-MIMAC : A moveable beam line for neutron detector calibration : Q-COMIC : The Quartzed COMIC for on-line applications (ENSAR)

23. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 2.45 GHz COMIC source applications T-COMIC : a plug & play device for implanter COMIC-Net : low energy broad beams for surface treatments 23 Filament source T-COMIC source 30 k Parallel beam 8 among 41 available discharges

24. T. Lamy - LPSC, EuCARD 2nd ANNUAL MEETING, CNRS-Paris 10-13 May 2011 24 Thank you !