1. IPv6 at NCAR 7/10/2003 Westnet conference Boulder, Colorado

2. Overview of talk What is IPv6? What’s wrong with IPv4? Features of IPv6 Problems with IPv6 IPv6 at the FRGP

3. What is IPv6? IPv6 is the next generation of the Internet Protocol. It will eventually replace IPv4. IPv6 design started in 1993 A standard was created in 1998. IPv6 is used more in foreign countries than in America.

4. What’s wrong with IPv4? Address exhaustion Routing tables getting too large Security Dynamic addresses are inconvenient Mobile IP not well supported

5. IPv4 Address Exhaustion 4 billion addresses, but not really CIDR helps, but not enough NAT helps, but not enough New smart devices will need network addresses 75% of IPv4 space allocated to US, only 25% for the rest of the world.

6. Routing Tables Too Big 122,000 routes today, and growing Consumes router memory and CPU More routing changes

7. Dynamic Addressing is Inconvenient NAT is a band-aid –breaks some applications –debugging nightmare DHCP helps Static addresses are really nice

8. Mobile IPv4 isn’t good Hard to manage Clunky roaming

9. Features of IPv6 128-bit addresses Hierarchical addressing More efficient packet headers Security Auto configuration of end hosts Anycast Mobility IPv6 co-exists with IPv4

10. 128-bit addresses Sample IPv4 address: 127.117.8.203 Sample IPv6 address: 3FFE:0000:0000:0001:0200:F8FF:Fe75:50DF or 3FFE:0:0:1:200:F8FF:Fe75:50DF or 3FFE::1:200:F8FF:Fe75:50DF

11. Security IPv6 packet headers are more complex than IPv4 headers, so packet filtering is more complex IPv6 itself is not inherently more secure than IPv4, but… –56-bit DES is supported by all IPv6 stacks –New extended packet headers allow various encryption algorithms

12. Autoconfiguration IPv6 stateless autoconfiguration: the router and the host create an IPv6 address and a default route IPv6 stateful autoconfiguration: uses DHCP like IPv4

13. Anycast IPv4 has unicast, broadcast, multicast IPv6 has no broadcast (uses multicast) But there’s the new anycast Sends a packet to the nearest of a set of hosts Like, “send this packet to the nearest router that has a connection to the Internet”

14. Mobility Mobile IPv4 exists in small deployments IPv6 has extended headers and Anycasting, which make Mobile IP easier Mobile IPv6 allows more efficient routing of packets to mobile nodes

15. Problems with IPv6 Chicken and egg - no killer app Multihoming with IPv6: hierarchical addressing doesn’t map well to current ISP allocation of addresses Addresses are huge, must do DNS to stay sane

16. IPv6 at the FRGP 3 of 12 FRGP members have native IPv6 –CU Boulder Hosts an IPv6 web browser. See http://www.ipv6.colorado.edu/ http://www.ipv6.colorado.edu/ –NCAR and NOAA considering weather data distribution using IPv6 multicast. –NOAA IPv6 justification at http://nwweb.nwn.noaa.gov/hpcc/nwg/fy03- funded/ce/NGI-CE-07.pdf http://nwweb.nwn.noaa.gov/hpcc/nwg/fy03- funded/ce/NGI-CE-07.pdf

17. Links IPv6 information: –http://ipv6.internet2.eduhttp://ipv6.internet2.edu 90-minute talk about IPv6: –http://www.nanog.org/mtg-0306/doyle.htmlhttp://www.nanog.org/mtg-0306/doyle.html Recent IPv6 news –http://www.hs247.com/http://www.hs247.com/

18. Questions?