1. Mukesh Pund Scientist, NISCAIR, New Delhi
DSpace Installation
Mukesh Pund
Scientist,
NISCAIR, New Delhi
Dspace

2. Required Software Operating System:
Linux: Redhat/Fedora, Suse,Mandrake, Debian etc.
Unix: Solaris (Sun system)‏, HP-UX (Hewlett Packard)‏, AIX (IBM), Mac OS X
Mail server (Sendmail/postfix)
RDBMS (postgres/oracle)
DSpace
Java compiler (jdk)
Java Servlet Container
Ant
Java build tool, similar to make in the world of ‘C’
Complies java programs of dspace source code, generates war files

3. Role of RDBMS
Database backend (postgres/oracle) of DSpace, stores information on:
Communities
Collection
Members - passwords
E-groups etc.

4. Step1: Linux Installation
Strongly advise to Load Linux fully unless you are a Linux Guru
Make sure the following are installed
Mail server
Copy all the files provided on CD-ROM tar.gz files in /dspace directory
Or Download the following (or latest) files from Internet
jdk1.5.0_02.tar.gz (java compiler)
apache-ant bin.tar.gz (ant)
postgresql tar.gz (RDBMS)
apache-tomcat tar.gz (servlet container)
postgresql jdbc2.jar (jdbc driver for postgres)
dspace-source tar.gz (dspace software)

5. Step 2: Installation of Java
Install  Java 1.4 or later
You need to login as Linux root user to install
Use the command bellow to install
#cd /dspace
#tar –zxvf   jdk1.5.0_02.tar.gz [to uncompress the file]
#rm /usr/bin/java [remove the original java binary if any]
#cd /usr/bin
#ln -s /dspace/jdk1.5.0_02/bin/java java [create Symbolic link to newly installed java if any]

6. Step 2: Installation of Java (contd..)
Define java home PATH by the commands:
#JAVA_HOME=/dspace/jdk1.5.0_02 [ setting variable to point Java directory]
#export JAVA_HOME
To set the environment variable JAVA_HOME permanently (get set at the time of system boot) do the following
#vi /etc/profile (open /etc/profile file)
Add the two lines bellow at the end of the file.
            JAVA_HOME=/dspace/jdk1.5.0_02
            export JAVA_HOME
Save the file (press ESC :wq), this will set the variable JAVA_HOME when system boots

7. Step 3:Configuring Mail Server
You may use any of the following mail servers
Sendmail
Postfix
Exim
Note: Here sendmail is explained

8. Step 3: Sendmail configuration: Simple approach
Case I:If your organization has a mail server
Open /etc/mail/sendmail.mc
Replace the line having
dnl define(`SMART_HOST', `smtp.your.provider')dnl
Remove dnl and enter your mail server name
Ex:
define(`SMART_HOST', `nsdl.niscair.res.in')dnl

9. Step 3: sendmail configuration contd..
Case II: If you want to use the same system as mail server
Comment the following line
DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=smtp,Addr= , Name=MTA')dnl
Ex:
dnl # DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=smtp,Addr= , Name=MTA')dnl

10. Step 3: sendmail configuration contd..
Save the file (press ESC :wq)
Run
#m4 /etc/mail/sendmail.mc > /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
#service sendmail restart OR
#/etc/init.d/sendmail restart

11. Step 4: Apache-ant installation
Check apache ant is already installed or not using the command:
#which ant
You need to login as Linux root user
If not installed type the following commands to install
#cd /dspace
#tar -zxvf apache-ant bin.tar (extract files)

12. Step 4: Apache-ant installation
Define a path to the apache ant binary by the commands
#PATH=$PATH:/dspace/apache-ant /bin
#export PATH
To add apache-ant path in  PATH variable permanently do the following
Open the file /etc/profile and add the two line below towards the end of the file.
#vi /etc/profile
Save the file (Press ESC :wq)

13. Step 5: PostgreSQL installation
You need to become Linux root user to install postgresql
Use the following commands to install
#cd /dspace
#tar -zxvf postgresql tar.gz (extract files)
#cd /dspace/postgresql-8.2.7
#./configure (it will install postgres in /usr/local/pgsql directory)
#gmake
#gmake install
#useradd postgres [ create postgres user]
#mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data
#chown -R postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data (change owner of the data directory to postgres)
#su - postrgres

14. Step 5: PostgreSQL installation (contd..)
Start posgres by doing the following
$/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
$/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql/data start
Create a dspace database, owned by the dspace –a PostgreSQL user by doing the following
$/usr/local/pgsql/bin/createuser -U postgres -d -A -P dspace [Enter a password for the DSpace database]
$/usr/local/pgsql/bin/createdb -U dspace -E UNICODE dspace 
$vi /usr/local/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf
uncomment the line starting:
listen_addresses = 'localhost' (i.e. delete # at the beginning of line)
$vi /usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf
add follwing line in the section # IPv4-style local connections
host dspace dspace md5
Logout from postgres user
#exit

15. Step 6: Installation of Apache Tomcat
You have to become root user and type the following commands
#cd /dspace
#tar -zxvf apache-tomcat tar.gz [extract files]
 Set the environment variable JAVA_OPTS="-Xmx512M -Xms64M -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8" by doing the following
#JAVA_OPTS="-Xmx512M -Xms64M -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8"
#export JAVA_OPTS
To make it permanent do the following:
# vi /etc/profile
and add the two line below towards the end of the file.
JAVA_OPTS="-Xmx512M -Xms64M -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8"
export JAVA_OPTS
Save the file (type ESC :wq)

16. Step 6: Installation of Apache Tomcat
# vi /dspace/apache-tomcat /conf/server.xml
locate the following section
<!-- Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port > <Connector port="8080" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="100" connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" />
            and add the line URIEncoding="UTF-8" in this section like
        <!-- Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 80 --> <Connector port="80" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25"     maxSpareThreads="75" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="100" connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" URIEncoding="UTF-8" />
Save the file (press ESC :wq)

17. Step 7: Installation of Dspace
You have to login as Linux root user
Create the DSpace Linux user by using the commands
#groupadd dspace [create group]
#useradd dspace –g dspace [ create dspace user]
#chown -R dspace.dspace /dspace/apache-tomcat [ change the owner and group of tomcat directory to dspace, so as to run as dspace user
#cd /dspace
#tar -zxvf dspace-source tar.gz
It creates a directory name like dspace source
Copy jdbc driver for postgresql to /dspace/dspace source/lib directory. To do this perform the following:
Copy a jdbc driver for postgresql i.e. postgresql jdbc2.jar file to /dspace/dspace source/lib
#cp /dspace/ postgresql jdbc2.jarr /dspace/dspace source/lib
#chown -R dspace.dspace /dspace/dspace source [ change the owner and group of dspace directory to dspace]

18. Step 7: Installation of Dspace contd..
#su -l dspace
$cd /dspace/dspace source
Open the file /dspace/dspace source/config/dspace.cfg and set the following properties
$vi /dspace/dspace source/config/dspace.cfg
        dspace.url = [like
        dspace.hostname = [hotsname or IP address of server]
dspace.name =[ dspace name like name of your Institution eg. NISCAIR Digital Library]
        db.password = [the password you entered in the last step of postgesql installation]
        mail.server =[hostname or IP address of server ex. mail.niscair.res.in]
        mail.from.address = [ address]
        feedback.recipient =[ address]
        mail.admin = [ address of admin]
        alert.recipient =[ address (not essential but very useful!)]
Save the file

19. Step 7: Installation of Dspace contd..
Compile and install DSpace by doing the following
$/dspace/apache-ant /bin/ant fresh_install
$cp /dspace/dspace source/build/*.war /dspace/apache-tomcat /webapps/dspace/
Define CLASSPATH for dspace classes by doing following
$vi /dspace/dspace source/bin/dsrun
Append following lines at the end of file
CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:/dspace/apache-tomcat /webapps/dspace/WEB-INF/classes
FULLPATH=$CLASSPATH:$jJARS:$DSPACEDIR/config
Create an initial administrator account by the command
$/dspace/dspace source/bin/create-administrator
You need to provide some information like admin user name, ID and so on

20. Step 7: Installation of Dspace contd..
Start tomcat by the command
$/dspace/apache-tomcat /bin/startup.sh
Point your browser to the URL:
Access admin UI by point your browser to the URL:
eg.

21. Installation of Dspace- Summary
Dspace is based on open source technlogy
The installation process is some what complex for new users
The following components should properly work :
Postgresql server
Jdbc driver for postgres server
Apache tomcat
Initially there may be few errors related to above components if not properly installed

22. Cron jobs
To perform certain task periodically we may use cron jobs by typing following command:
# crontab -e
# Send out subscription s at 01:00 every day 0 1 * * * /dspace/bin/sub-daily
# Run the media filter at 02:00 every day 0 2 * * * /dspace/bin/filter-media
# Generate full-text index at 2.15 an * * * /dspace/bin/index-all
# Clean up the database nightly at 2.40am * * * vacuumdb --analyze dspace > /dev/null 2>&1" > /var/spool/cron/dspace *
Minute 0-59
Hour 0-23 (0 = midnight)
Day 1-31
Month 1-12
Weekday 0-6 (0 = Sunday)‏

23. Starting apache tomcat on boot
To make your repository start at the boot time adds the following to /etc/rc.d/rc.local
su –l dspace –c ‘/dspace/apache-tomcat /bin/startup.sh

24. Trouble shooting..
Check your environment variable by giving the following commands
echo $PATH
echo $JAVA_HOME
See whether java’s bin directory is in your PATH
JAVA_HOME is pointing to Java directory
Change your /dspace/.bash_profile

25. Trouble shooting: while fresh_install
Mostly you get database related errors, the cause could be
You did not copy jdbc drivers in dspace-source/lib directory
Or changes in the postgresql .conf file were not made at all, or done improperly

26. Trouble shooting: Once you launch DSpace
If you do not see dspace on the screen
Tomcat was not launched
Or the port (8080) was already in use
You started tomcat second time
Solution
Kill tomcat if you have started second time (using ps –a | grep java or killall java
Change to another port in tomcat/config/server.xml
Check $TOMCAT-HOME/logs/catalina.out
For specific problem identification

27. Troubleshooting: Internal System Error
Most common error message
To generic and is not specific
The reasons could be many
Check /dspace/log/dspace.log file, which may provide the specific problem

28. Trouble-shooting: Fails to sendmal
Mail configuration is wrong
You did not make mail server entry in /dspace/conf/dspace.cfg file
DNS problem
You do not have FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) for you system
It should hostname.domainname
Ex: localhost.localdomain (not just localhost)‏
nsdl.niscair.res.in ( not jst nsdl)‏

29. LOG FILES
$TOMCAT_HOME/logs/catalina.out
/dspace/log/dspace.log

30. Thanks