1. A Tutorial on: Metamodel Standardization & MOF (For SC32)
May 26, 2008
Hajime Horiuchi
Tokyo International University
　Leader of MFI Project,
　ISO/IEC JTC1 SC32WG2
32N1764
“Metadata DownUnder”: 11th Open Forum on Metadata Registries Sydney, NSW Australia
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2. Topics Model and Metamodel in general MOF1.4 (ISO/IEC19502)
UML2.0 and MOF2.0
Standard Metamodel
MOF compliant
CWM, SPEM, ODM, MFI
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3. META HIERARCHY General::
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4. Four layered Meta Hierarchy came from IRDS
IRDS: Information Resource Dictionary System (ISO/IEC 10728)
M-Objects
Attribute
Entity
IRDD Level
MOF :Meta Object Facility, OMG
Entity
Attribute
Name
Address
IRD Level
Name
Address
Sydney
New York
Tokyo
J.Doe
J. Smith
H. Hori
IR Level
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5. Meta Hierarchy Concept
Concept was defined by ISO/IEC (IRDS)
Inherited by MOF
Object Concept Representation
Mechanism
Meta-Meta data M3
Meta-Meta Model
SQL
IRDD
Metamodel
To describe Column , Table
Object Concept
(Meta Object)
Meta data M2
Meta Model
IRD
Data Element
Column, Table M1
Model
Object Model
Describe
Describe
Value Mo
Concept
Note: ISO/IEC11179 did not aware of 4 level Meta hierarchy.
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6. Problems of Multi level metamodel
“Diversity of meta concept” Problem
“Ambiguous Classification” Problem
“Replication of concept” problem
Shallow Instantiation
Deep Instantiation
Colin Aktinson, Essence of Multilevel Metamodeling (UML2001)
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7. Diversity of the Meta Hierarchy Concept
Type and Instance
Category or Grouping
Aggregation
Template (Stereotype)
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8. Diversity of Meta Concept
Type
Type
Description
Template
instantiation
grouping
describe
Apply
Instances
Sub type
Anything
Realization
Base model
Abstract Syntax
Base-Variant
expression
Customized
Expression
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9. Replication of Concept
A particular instance “Pochi”
Class
Pet
Dog
Animal
Instance
Instance of instance
Essence of Multilevel Memamodeling:
Colin Aktinson and Thomas K¨uhne
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10. Shallow & Deep Instantiation
UML & MOF
Shallow Instantiation
Deep Instantiation
Meta-Meta Model M3
Object concept
Mechanism
Object concept
Mechanism
instantiate
instantiate
Meta Model M2
Object concept
Object concept
Object concept
Object concept M1
Model
Object property
Object
property
Object
property
Object
property
Object
property
instantiate M0
Instances
Instances
Instances
Instances
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11. Even in MFO 1.4 M3 Level MOF core MOF 1.4 MOF Model
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12. M3 M2 M1 M0 Layer MOF UML2.0 Core Package CWM:Object Model BPSS
UMM Metamodel M2
CWM
ebXML
BPSS
CWM: SQL Metamodel
Healthcare Model
instantiate M1
Business
Information
HER definition
M0 Layer
Business
Documents
HER Instances
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13. Model relationship in MFI (ISO/IEC 19763)
M3 level Y W Z
Type - Instance
Syntax - Expression
Super - Sub X V
Base -Variant
M2 level
M1 level
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14. How to Register a model Upper Model Target Model
ISO/IEC : Metamodel framework for interoperability: Part 2: Core Model
Upper Model
Type and Instance
Super and Sub
Base and Variant
Abstract Syntax and Expression
Governs
Target Model
To be Registered
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15. Abstract Syntax-ExpressionM3
MOF
Base-Variant
UML2.0 Core Package
CWM:Object Model
UMM Metamodel M2
BPSS
CWM: SQL Metamodel
Abstract Syntax-Expression
Healthcare Model M1
Business
Information
HER definition
instantiate M0
Business Documents
HER Instances
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16. Something Similar to Metamodel
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17. Something similar to metamodel
Stereotype
UML Profile
Architecture Models
Model Patterns
Design Pattern
Analysis Pattern
They are not metamodel, but comrades to share a same dream of the model sharing.
They can be subjects of the International Standardizations.
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18. <<Customer>>
UML Profiles
Not metamodel
UML Profile:
A set of Stereotypes and Tag Values customized for particular domain modeling
<<Customer>>
Stereotype
M1 Layer
<<Customer>>
Cust ID
Cust Name
ClassInstance
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19. Published UML Profiles
OMG
UML profile for CORBA
UML profile for EDOC
UML profile for EAI
UML profile for MARTE (Real Time Embedded System)
UML Profile for Modeling QoS and Fault Tolerance Characteristics and Mechanisms
SysML (UML Extension)
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC7
UML Profile for RM-ODP
UN/CEFACT
UML profile for CCTS
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20. Catalog of OMG Domain Specifications
Air Traffic Control
Application Management and System Monitoring (AMSM) for CMS Systems
Audio / Visual Streams
Bibliographic Query Service
Bimolecular Sequence Analysis (BSA)
Business Motivation Model (BMM)
Business Process Definition Metamodel (BPDM)
Business Process Maturity Model (BPMM)
Chemical Structure and Access Representation 　(CSAR)
Life Sciences Identifiers
Computer Aided Design (CAD) Services
Data Acquisition from Industrial Systems (DAIS)
Gene Expression
Historical Data Acquisition from Industrial Systems (HDAIS)
Laboratory Equipment Control Interface Specification (LECIS)
Metamodel for the Federal Transition Framework (FTF)
OMG Systems Modeling Language (OMG SysML)
Product Data Management (PDM) Enablers
Robotic Technology Component (RTC)
Telecom Service & Access Subscription (TSAS)
etc.
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21. MOF (META OBJECT FACILITY)
MOF1.4 (ISO/IEC )::
MOF (META OBJECT FACILITY)
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22. What is MOF
The Meta-Object Facility (MOF) is the OMG's adopted technology for defining metadata and representing it as CORBA objects using UML.
The MOF 1.3 specification was finalized in September 1999 (OMG document ad/ ).
The MOF 1.4 specification was submitted to ISO/IEC/JTC1 SC32 by PAS process in It has been approved by PAS DIS ballot last December in (ISO/IEC DIS 19502).
A MOF metamodel defines the abstract syntax of the metadata in the MOF representation of a model.
The MOF model itself describes the abstract syntax for representing
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23. What is MOF (Basic Concept)
A model which describe an object concept. It is called “the MOF model”.
It become available by inheriting the MOF model to materialize uniformed and reusable objects and relationships among them
The MOF model is considered to be situated at the M3(Meta-Meta) layer.
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24. MOF Metamodel Architecture
Type
Instance
Type
Instance
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25. 4 Layer Metamodel Architecture
Description
Examples
Metametamodel
Foundation for a Metamodeling Architecture.
Defining the language to describe metamodels
MetaClass,
MetaAttribute,
MetaOperation
Metamodel
An Instance of a metametamodel.
Defining the language to describe models.
Class,　Attribute,
Operation,
Component
Model
An Instance of Metamodel. Defining a language to describe the information object domain.
Product, Unit Price, Customer, Sale, Detail
User Objects
（User Data）
An Instance of a Model.
Defines specific information Domain
<Chair>, <Desk>,
$100, $200
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26. The relationship between metamodel and model
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27. UML metamodel in the 4 Layers
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28. Basic Idea: How to define an Object
Reality
M0 Layer
Set: Employees of company A
emp #
Name
Adam Smith
Jon Due
Hajime Hori
class
object instance
Class Emp={ people | people working for company A}
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29. Object Concept and Metamodel
M1 Layer
M2 Layer
Class
Class
emp
Class name
emp#:
name:
attribute
enrolment()
Attribute
operation
operation
Class has Attributes and operations
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30. Overview of M3 Layer ModelElement Feature * Classifier Attribute
Operation
Interface
Class
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31. Core portion of MOF Every classifier : is Generalizable,
has Namespace .
A Namespace is consisted by ModleElement.
And
All classifier are governed by
a ModleElement
Some Classifier might be typed by TypedElement
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32. Feature in MOF Every class has attributes and operations as Feature
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33. TypedElement
Classifier typed by TypedElement is Class, Association or Data Type .
Then, TypedElement characterize a classifier.
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34. Data Type
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35. Association Association between class
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36. Association References:
Class
A MOF Class defines the type of an object rather than its implementation
Supertypes, Abstract, Singleton, Contents .
Association:
A MOF Association defines a class of links between MOF objects. Derivedness, Changeability, Contents
Attribute
A MOF object may have a number of Attributes.
Name,type, scope,mmultiplicity, derivedness, changeability
Operation
A MOF object can have a number of operations
Parameter list, result, exception list
Association End
name,type,multiplicity
aggregation
Association References:
A MOF object may defined to be “aware” of being in a relationship with other objects via an Association.
Name,referenced Association End, changeability
Multiplicity
The end's multiplicity constrains the number of links that may involve one object at one end. It also specifies whether the links have a partial order.
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37. The MOF Model
The MOF Model is based on the concepts of object relationship modeling.
The three kinds of building blocks for a meta-information model are
Objects (described by MOF Classes),
Links that connect objects (described by MOF Associations),
Data values (described by CORBA IDL types).
Instances of these constructs are organized as MOF Packages. CORBA(IDL)
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38. MOF MOF model (M3 Layer)
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39. MOF1.4 Metamodel: MOF Class
Class Name:
This is an identifier which obeys the CORBA syntax rules.
Attributes:
A MOF object may have a number of Attributes. A MOF Attribute definition has the following components: name, type, scope, multiplicity, derivedness, changeability
Operations
A MOF object can have a number of operations (in addition to any implicit operations for accessing and updating attribute values and association links). These are defined by the following components: parameter list, result, exception list
Association References:
A MOF object may defined to be "aware" of being in a relationship with other objects via an Association. This awareness is expressed as an Association Reference, and results in link navigation and update operations being made available in the MOF object's interface. An Association Reference has the following components: name, referenced association End, changeability
Supertypes:
An abstract MOF Class is defined so that other Classes may inherit from it. The MOF does not support creation of instances of an abstract Class.
Singleton,
A singleton MOF Class is one for which only one instance may exist.
Contents
A MOF Class is a "container" for its component features; i.e. any Attributes, Operations and Association References. It may also contain MOF definitions of CORBA types (e.g. typedefs) and Exceptions.

40. MOF1.4 Metamodel: MOF Associations
Defines a class of links between MOF objects.
Links are always binary and directed; i.e. each one links from one MOF object to one MOF object.
Class Name:
This is an identifier which obeys the CORBA syntax rules.
Association Ends:
Each MOF Association has precisely two Ends with the following components: name,type,multiplicity, aggregation
Derivedness:
May be defined to be derivable from other information in a model. For example, one can define "substitutability" as a derived relationship between two instances of a given Class.
Changeability:
May be defined so that links cannot be explicitly added or removed. This only makes sense for a derived association.
Contents:
A MOF association is a "container" for its Association Ends.
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41. MOF1.4 Metamodel: MOF Packages
serve as the unit of modularisation and reuse of meta-information models.
"instances" of Packages act as collection objects for schemas of related meta-information.
Name:
This is an identifier that satisfies the CORBA IDL syntax rules.
Contents:
A MOF Package is a "container" for a Classes, Associations and other Packages as well as MOF definitions of CORBA types and exceptions.
Imports:
A MOF Package's imports list defines a set of other MOF Packages whose components may be re-used by components defined within the Package.
Supertypes:
A MOF Package's supertypes list defines a set of other MOF Packages whose components form a part of the Package.
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42. MOF1.4::
XMI(ISO/IEC19503)
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43. MOF・XMI
MOF
Is a generic framework for describing and representing meta-information in an CORBA-based environment.
Defines an IDL mapping which allows models expressed using MOF Model constructs to be translated into interfaces CORBA-based meta-information services.
CORBA(IDL)
Generate IDLs from metamodel written by MOF
IDLs are interfaces for the repository to store metamodels.
Generate IDLs from UML metamodel
XMI（XML metamodel Interchange)
A set of XML schema for transforming MOF based metamodels into XML schemas, that is for encoding and decoding MOF based metadata.
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44. MOF/XMI (XML Model Interchange)
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45. Sample UML model to be Interchanged
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46. Sample DTD
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47. XML Statement (Behavioral Feature)
<BehavioralFeature> <ModelElement.name>create</ModelElement.name> <Feature.ownerScope>classifier</Feature.ownerScope > <Feature.visibility>public</Feature.visibility> <BehavioralFeature.isQuery>false </ BehavioralFeature.isQuery> <BehavioralFeature.parameter> <Parameter> <ModelElement.name>size</ModelElement.name> <Parameter.type>Rectangle</Parameter.type> </Parameter> </BehavioralFeature.parameter> </BehavioralFeature>
Class
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48. OMG Standards & ISO Standards
UML 1.5 (ISO/IEC 19501: 2003)  SC7
MOF1.4 (ISO/IEC 19502: 2005)  SC32
XMI (ISO/IEC 19503:2005)  SC32
SPEM(ISO/IEC27474)  SC7
CWM (ISO/IEC DIS )  SC32
UML2.0
MOF2.0
ODM
BSVR
SysML
IMM
Expected to be submitted by PAS
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49. UML2.0 AND MOF2.0 High Resolution Modeling Facility for MDA
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50. Don’t call it “Wine” Wine Water + alcohol + grape essence + mold +….
H2O + CH3CH(OH)CH3 + …..
Atomic periodic table
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51. So Many Cores SuperStructure Infrastructure Core Core
But, It is very much High Resolution
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52. Major changes in the UML at UML2.0
Metamodeling Facilities in MOF and UML were Integrated as the Infrastructure Library
(MOF model still exist)
Composite Structure
UML Profile Mechanism
Power Type
Little changes in the diagrams
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53. Before UML2.0 Modeling Modeling UML Metamodel UML Metamodel MOF model
1.4
UML
1.5
Modeling
Meta Model
UML Metamodel
UML
1.5
Modeling
Domain Model
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54. UML 2.0 Overall Structure Infrastructure Library MOF Core
Infrastructure Specification
Overall Structure
Infrastructure
Library
Use to describe
Use as parts
Superstructure Specification
MOF Core
Abstract Syntax
Expression
Structure
Behavior
Supplement
OCL Spec.
DI Spec.
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55. Meta level concept in UML2.0 & MOF2.0
Multiple levels still used
No rigid structure to the Four Layer
The meta layer could be extended to any level more than two, relatively
However, Type and Instance should be within two level (Level-pair)
The deep instantiation could be available with the Reflection capability of the MOF
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56. Composition Structure
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57. Composite Structure example
customer
Customer * *
order
order * *
Order Details * 1
OrderDetails(*)
Item(*) * *
Item 1
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58. From the User View Point
Domain Metamodel
MOF
I-Lib
UML
Infra　structure
Domain Model
UML Super structure
Modeling Tool DI
OCL
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59. The Core of Cores:
UML 2.0 Infrastructure
Infrastructure Library

60. Infrastructure Library – Contents
PrimitiveTypes
(Integer, String, Boolean…)
Abstractions
(Grab-bag of fine-grain OO modeling primitives/mix-ins)
«import»
Constructs
(Sophisticated forms of OO modeling concepts)
«import»
Basic
(Simple forms of basic OO modeling concepts: Class, Operation, Package, etc.)
«import»
Profiles
(Extensibility mechanisms)
«import»
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61. UML Profile in UML 2.x
Profiles package is owned by the Infrastructure Library package.
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62. Power Type Power Type of UML (UML2.0 Superstructure, Section 7.2)
Power Set:
Power Set P（S）:= {A: a set | A ⊆ S }
Example;
S={a, b, c} … n elements.
P= {φ, a, b, c, (a, b), (a, c), (b, c), (a, b, c)}
Number of elements in P = 2n
Dangerous !!
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63. Power Type Jim Odell(1994), Essence of Multilevel Memamodeling:
Colin Aktinson and Thomas K¨uhne
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64. Another Discussion: “Power type pattern” on SPEM (ISO/IEC27474)
Cesar Gonzalez Perez
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65. UML2.0 Superstructure, Abstract Syntax
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66. Contents of the Power Type Package
M3 level
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67. Power type example M1 level UML 2.0 Superstructure Specification
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68. Possibility of the problems by Power type
Object concept
Mechanism
Power Type Package
instantiate
instantiate M2
Power Type
Object concept
Object concept
Object concept
Object concept
instantiate
Object concept
instantiate M1
Object
property
Object
property
Object
property
Object
property
Object
property
Object
property
Object
property M0
object
object
object
object
object
object
object
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69. UML2.0::
MOF 2.0
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70. MOF2.0 in UML2.0 MOF 2.0 use UML Infrastructure Library
Define a metalanguage kernel that can define (bootstrap) UML and also be reused to define other OMG MDA metamodels (e.g., MOF, CWM, ODM)
Provide more powerful mechanisms to customize UML
Allow users to define language dialects for platforms (e.g., J2EE, .NET) and domains (e.g., ebusiness, finance, etc.)
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71. Infrastructure Library – Usage
PrimitiveTypes
Constructs
«import»
Basic …
«import»
«merge»
MOF
CMOF
EMOF
«merge» …
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72. Difference of EMOF & CMOF
UML2.0 Infrastructure::
Infrastructure Library:: core
Rich constructs for OO modeling
e.g. association,
Package, .
EMOF
CMOF

73. EMOF Classes
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74. Constructs merged from Core
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75. EMOF (Essential MOF)
Essential MOF is the subset of MOF that closely corresponds to the facilities found in OOPLs and XML.
The value of Essential MOF is that it provides a straightforward framework for mapping MOF models to implementations such as JMI and XMI for simple metamodels.
A primary goal of EMOF is to allow simple metamodels to be defined using simple concepts
reuse the UML2 Infrastructure.
The EMOF Model imports two packages from MOF.
Identity
Reflection
EMOFは、OOPLやXMLの機能に対応するMOFのサブセットである。
EMOFの値は、単純なメタモデルに対して、 MOFモデルをJMIやXMIのような実装にマッピングする直接的なフレームワークを与える
EMOFの第1の目標は、単純なメタモデルを、単純な概念だけを用いて定義できるようにすることである
UML2インフラストラクチャを再利用する
EMOFモデルは、つぎの２つのpackageをMOFから移入する
Identity
Reflection
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76. CMOF: Complete MOF Model
The CMOF Model is the metamodel used to specify other metamodels such as UML2.
It is built from the Core of UML 2.
The Model package does not define any classes of its own. Rather, it imports packages that together define basic modeling capabilities.
CMOFモデルは、UML2のような他のメタモデルを規定するのに使われるメタモデルである。
UML2のコアから作られる
このCMOFモデルPackageでは、独自のクラスを定義はしない。基本的なモデリングの能力を定義するPackageを取り込む。
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77. What are brought … EMOF CMOF MOF Model (Meta-metamodel) MOF MOF
«merge» …
MOF
Capability
Reflection
Identification
Extension
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78. Example of Reflection Reflection Element ObjectInstance 1 Factory
SemanticDomain
getMetaClass(): Class
containar(): Element
equals(element:object ) Boolean
get (property: Property): Object
set (property: Property, value: object)
Unset (property: Property)
+object
ObjectInstance 1
<<instantiate>>
Factory
Model Repository
Create (metaClass: Class): Element 1
1..*
+entry *
<<use>>
RepositoryEntry
Identifier
url : string
URIExtent
Client
uri(object: Element) string
Element (uri: String) : Element
Client can access a object specified by an URI through the reflection package
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79. MOF Model Constraint by OCL
[C-1] MustBeContainedUnlessPackage format1: MUST_BE_CONTAINED_UNLESS_PACKAGE format2: must_be_contained_unless_package evaluation policy : deferred description: A ModelElement that is not a Package must have a container. context ModelElement inv: not self.oclIsTypeOf(Package) implies self.container -> size = 1
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80. Semantic Domain in CMOF
Add more functional capabilities for the modeling
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81. MOF BASED METAMODELS Standard Metamodels::
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82. MOF based Metamodel Standards
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC32
MFI (ISO/IEC n)
OMG + ISO
CWM (ISO/IEC DIS 19504)
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC7
SPEM (ISO/IEC27474)
OMG standards expected to be PAS submission
ODM (Ontology Definition Metamodel)
SBVR (Semantic Business Vocabulary Rules)
MOF2QVT(Query View Transformation)
RSA (Reusable Asset Specification)
IMM(Information Management Metamodel)
Etc.
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83. Metamodel Framework for Interoperability （MFI）
ISO/IEC Reference model
ISO/IEC Core model
ISO/IEC Metamodel for ontology registration
ISO/IEC Metamodel for model mapping
ISO/IEC WD Process model registration
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84. Objectives for MFI Core
Registering sharable modeling constructs
Metamodel
Model
Ontology
Profiles
Pattern
Classification for components
From viewpoint of “Sign-Concept-Instances”
Selection of instance sets for a particular purpose usage
Assembly (Composition) of registered components
Plug and Play with selection
Core Framework for registering Ontology and Model Mapping
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85. ISO/IEC 19763-2 : Core Model (Overview)
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86. MOF and MFI Core
M3 Layer
M2, M1, ..,M-n Layer
Target Models
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87. Common facility of MDR(ISO/IEC11179) MOF
MFI-2
MFI Core model
MDR standards
ODM
MFI-3
Metamodel for Ontology Registration
Metamodel for MDR(ISO/IEC11179)
Metamodel for
Metamodel for DL
Metamodel for OWL
registration
Administration Record
Describe
Data Elements
Terminology
Basic Classes
Basic Relationship
Any Ontology
　　 Ontology　by ODM
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88. CWM : COMMON WAREHOUSE METAMODEL
Standard Metamodels::
MOF BASED METAMODELS::
CWM : COMMON WAREHOUSE METAMODEL
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89. CWM (Common Warehouse Metamodel)
ISO/IEC DIS 19504
PAS DIS Balloting was closed on Dec.,
BRG (Ballot Resolution Group ) was formulated.
A set of metamodel for data resource models.
19 metamodels;
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90. Why CWM is needed Database Application System Application System
Data Warehouse
Application System
Application System
Data File
OLAP tools
Multi dimensional data
CSV,
Record,
Relation,
Object
Metamodel for CSV, Record
Metamodel for Multi dimensional data
Metamodel for transformation
etc
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91. CWM　Metamodels
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92. CWM Core metamodel Nothing but MOF model
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93. CWM: Relational Data model
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94. CWM: Relational data model
NamedColumnSet
ColumnSet
Employee
emp #
Name
Address
Adam Smith
Jon Due
Hajime Hori
Table
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95. Metamodel for Record
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96. Recommendations & References
Book:
D.Gasevic, D.Djuric, V. Devedzic :
Model Driven Architecture and Ontology Development,
Springer, ISBN-10:
Paper or Presentation:
Bran Selic : Presentation on UML2.0 at OFMR2005, Berlin,
Colin Aktinson: Essence of Multilevel Metamodeling, UML2001,
C. Gonzalez-Perez: Supporting Situational Method Engineering with ISO/IEC and the Work Product Pool Approach
Useful sites:
OMG Specifications:
pUML : <<Google>>
Metamodel.com: <<Google>>
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97. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION & ENDURANCE
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