1. Establishment of park and green areas for the residential development project Sang Don LEE and Sung Ok Kim Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul, KOREA

2. Table of Contents Introduction Method and Statistical analysis Results and Discussion –Project areas vs green areas –Project areas vs % green areas –Population vs green areas Concluding remarks

3. I. Introduction Residential Development Project –Providing housing for residents (esp. Urban) –Habitat fragmentation, destruction of important habitat (e.g., wetland, forests) followed –Securing green areas important such as biotope, parks, ecological reserves, etc –Green areas = open space (park, vegetated areas) –Recreation, wildlife habitat, economic gain

4. In Korea, parks and green areas required for urban development Urban parks (for children, sports –Green areas (transition zone, landscape) –Urban facilities (arena, stadium, water reservoir) –Parks (wetland, stream, etc)

5. II. Methods 115 preliminary Environment Impact Assessment –Year 2001-2006 Analysis based on year, scale, target population, region, % greenness Statistical analysis –Simple linear regression (SPSS, P<0.05) Scale ranges (400,000m2-10,000,000 m2)

7. Results and Discussion Total development projects and average green area(m2) – Table 1 –50% in Seoul and Gyunggi province –Indication of high development pressure around big cities –Local areas are fewer projects –Local areas fewer green areas indicating forests are nearby Annual trend of green areas in the project (Fig 2) –2001 was the highest

8. Region no of sites total areas(m2) average areas(m2) population parks, green areas green area( m 2 ) m2m2 % Seoul118,159,505741,773154,3892,422,74029.715.7 Gyunggi5077,702,3851,554,048 1,284,186 18,364,16223.614.3 Gangwon612,395,1562,065,859188,6832,886,46423.315.3 Chungnam65,952,894992,14985,7651,349,22322.715.7 Gyungnam2021,846,2201,092,311366,0264,761,16521.813.0 Gyungbuk1010,756,5071,075,651194,3852,308,74121.511.9 Jeonnam32,280,191760,06444,217471,59020.710.7 Chungbuk44,262,5101,065,62888,522743,46717.48.4 Jeonbuk21,241,797620,89928,800198,17416.06.9 Jeju32,120,694706,89833,958308,52214.59.1 Total115 146,717,859 1,275,807 2,468,931 33,814,248211.2121.0 mean 246,8933,381,42521.212.1 Table 1. Total number of residential project and average green areas

9. Fig 2. Annual trend of green areas from 2001-2006. Green areas/person was the highest in 2001. % green areas Green areas/person

10. Results and Discussion(2) Regional analysis of green areas and individual green areas (Fig 3) –Project areas (over 1 million vs ≤ 1 million) –Less than one million => 80 projects/115= 69.5% –Green areas much higher in big project over one million m2 Large project => more green areas (Fig 4) –Large project more green areas/person (Fig 5)

11. Fig 3. Number of project (<one million m2) was over 69.5%(80) and 6.8(m2)/person green space; but projects (>one million) 19.0 m2/ person 19.0(m2)/person6.8(m2)/person % green areas Green areas/person

12. R2=0.973 P<0.000 Project areas Fig 4. Regression line and R2 for project areas vs. green space Green areas

13. R2=0.466 P<0.000 Project areas Fig 5. Project areas vs green areas(m2)/person Green areas/ person

14. Results and Discussion (3) Project areas vs % green areas (Fig 6) –strong correlation (R2=0.056, P=0.011) Total population vs % green areas (Fig 7) –R2=0.067, P=0.005 % green areas vs total green areas (Fig 8) –Total green areas increasing as %green areas increasing

15. R2=0.067 P=0.011 R2=0.005 P=0.056 Fig 6. Project areas vs % greenFig 7. Population vs % green % green areas Projected areas Projected population

16. R2=0.406 P=0.000 Fig 8. Total population size vs green areas/person Green areas/person Projected population

17. Concluding Remarks Residential projects in/around big cities are over 50% indicating development pressure for housing, roads, infrastructure needed –Seoul and Gyunggi province higher –Regional province (Cheonnam, Chungbuk, Jeju) Green areas(m2)/person much higher in big cities than in small cities –Demand for green areas greater in urban areas than in rural areas –Rural areas secure forests or wetlands much easier

18. Projected areas better securing green areas –Less than 1 million m2 areas (70%) –Areas ( Green areas/person only 6.8m2 (16.2%) whereas over one million sites => green areas 19.0m2 (25.2%) –Highly recommended to have a large scale residential project to secure more green space –In Korea most residential projects were small in scale, so it should be bigger in order to secure large amount of green areas –Small project sites usually do not meet the green areas

19. Population vs. individual green areas(m2) also show strong relationship indicating large project sites are better securing green space Green areas should exclusively refer ‘green’ habitat for animals and plants. Parks for children and other areas with facilities should be excluded So far, minimum green areas are only 6 m2/person and this should be increasing

20. Thank you for attention!!