1. Final cooling and textures of igneous rocks
(mostly plutonic)

2. Growth and nucleation
Textures related to the crystallization sequence
Textures related to the chemical evolution of the magma during cooling
Textures related to deformation in a partially molten system
Textures related to sub-solidus deformation
Sub-solidus textures

3. 1- Growth and nucleation
Textures related to the growth rate of crystals

4. Nucleation and growth
Many nuclei
Few nuclei

5. Growth and nucleation rates are a function of the degree of undercooling
Strong undercooling = Nucleation >> growth (fine texture)
Moderate undercooling = Growth >> nucleation (coarse texture)

6. Plutonic and volcanic textures

7. Glass, groundmass
Groundmass=
microcrystals
No crystals
Glass=

8. Porphyritic textures
2 Grain-size populations = 2 growth events? (magma chamber & eruption)

9. Porphyroid textures
Faster growth, or earlier crystals?

10. Aplites & pegmatites
Close association of (very) coarse pegmatites and (very) fine aplites
Water influences both nucleation and growth rates => complex, highly variable grain size associations

11. A complex pegmatite body

12. 2- Textures related to the crystallization order

13. Liquid Anorthite + Liquid Diopside + Anorthite T C Wt.% Anorthite
1600
Liquid
1553
Liquidus
1500 T o C
1400
Anorthite + Liquid
1392
1300
Diopside + Liquid
1274
1200
Diopside + Anorthite Di 20 40 60 80 An
Wt.% Anorthite

14. Figure 3-7. Euhedral early pyroxene with late interstitial plagioclase (horizontal twins). Stillwater complex, Montana. Field width 5 mm. © John Winter and Prentice Hall.

15. Figure 3-8. Ophitic texture
Figure 3-8. Ophitic texture. A single pyroxene envelops several well-developed plagioclase laths. Width 1 mm. Skaergård intrusion, E. Greenland. © John Winter and Prentice Hall.

16. Poekilitic texture
Crystallization sequence Biotite > Feldspar

17. Simultaneous growth Classical eutectic diagram.
First minerals are either Qz or K-spar
Then, at the eutectic…

18. Micrographic textures

19. Graphic texture: coeval growth of quartz and K-spar

20. Figure 3-9. a. Granophyric quartz-alkali feldspar intergrowth at the margin of a 1-cm dike. Golden Horn granite, WA. Width 1mm. b. Graphic texture: a single crystal of cuneiform quartz (darker) intergrown with alkali feldspar (lighter). Laramie Range, WY. © John Winter and Prentice Hall.

21. 3- Textures related to the evolution of the magma during cooling

22. Igneous Textures
Figure 3-5. a. Compositionally zoned hornblende phenocryst with pronounced color variation visible in plane-polarized light. Field width 1 mm. b. Zoned plagioclase twinned on the carlsbad law. Andesite, Crater Lake, OR. Field width 0.3 mm. © John Winter and Prentice Hall.

23. Zoned K-spar (Hercynian granite, France)

24. Binary diagrams with complete solid solution
1118 Ab 20 40 60 80 An
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1557
T C o
Plagioclase
Liquid
plus L i q u d s S l
Weight % An
The crystals formed change composition as the liquid cools (and changes its composition too)

25. Complex zoning A complex sequence of cryst. And
magma chamber « refill »

26. Complex zonings
Figure 3-6. Examples of plagioclase zoning profiles determined by microprobe point traverses a. Repeated sharp reversals attributed to magma mixing, followed by normal cooling increments. b. Smaller and irregular oscillations caused by local disequilibrium crystallization. c. Complex oscillations due to combinations of magma mixing and local disequilibrium. From Shelley (1993). Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks Under the Microscope. © Chapman and Hall. London.

27. Plag sieving

28. Crystal resorption

29. Everything is not chemical effects!!
Fast ascent can also dissolve crystals…

30. 4- Textures related to deformation of a partially molten system
Movements in a partially molten « mush »
Syn-plutonic deformation

31. Magmatic flow

32. Late magma movement
Leucocratic magma expulsed from the cooling « mush »

33. « ellipsoids », « snail structures », « diapirs »

34. Pipes of late magmatic liquids in the mush

35. K-feldspar accumulation (flow segregation?)

36. Rheology of partially molten systems

39. Outcrop-scale structures
Orthogneissification
Shear zones with late melts
Magmatic foliation
C/S structures
Shear zones filled with aplites and pegmatites
« Proto-shear zone »
Closepet granite, south India (2.5 Ga)

40. Micro-structures
Sub-solidus
Magmatic

41. Quartz subgrains

42. Qz grain-size reduction

43. Continuous sequence of textures
Feldspar alignment/accumulation
Expulsion of late melts
Strain partitionning on the latest melts
C/S movement on weak planes (phyllosilicates)
Ductile deformation of quartz (sub-grains, etc.)
Orthogneissification, deformation/recrystallization of all minerals