1. The Basics of IPv6 / EIGRP Routing
Intro to IPv6
The Basics of IPv6 / EIGRP Routing

2. IPv6 Address Notation 128-bit IPv6 addresses are represented in:
One Hex digit = 4 bits
128-bit IPv6 addresses are represented in:
Eight 16-bit segments
Hexadecimal (non-case sensitive) between 0000 and FFFF
Separated by colons
Example:
3ffe:1944:0100:000a:0000:00bc:2500:0d0b

3. Rule 1: Leading 0’s
Two rules for reducing the size of written IPv6 addresses.
The first rule is:
The leading zeroes in any 16-bit segment do not have to be written.
Example
3ffe : 1944 : 0100 : 000a : 0000 : 00bc : 2500 : 0d0b
3ffe : 1944 : 100 : a : 0 : bc : 2500 : d0b
If any 16-bit segment has fewer than four hexadecimal digits, it is assumed that the missing digits are leading zeroes.

4. Rule 2: Double colon :: equals 0000…0000
The second rule can reduce this address even further:
Any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit segments consisting of all zeroes can be represented with a double colon.
ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0005
ff02 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 5
ff02 : : 5
ff02::5

5. Network Prefixes
IPv4, the prefix—the network portion of the address—can be identified by a dotted decimal netmask or bitcount.
or /24
IPv6 prefixes are always identified by bitcount (prefix length).
Prefix length notation:
3ffe:1944:100:a::/64
bits
The address is followed by a forward slash and a decimal number indicating how many of the first bits of the address are the prefix bits.

6. All 0’s IPv6 Address
All zeroes IPv6 address can be written with a double colon ::
There are two cases where an all-zeroes address is used.
1. Default address, address is all zeroes and the prefix length is zero:
::/0
2. Unspecified address, which is used in some Neighbor Discovery Protocol procedures (later).
An unspecified address is a filler, indicating the absence of a real IPv address.
When writing an unspecified address, it is differentiated from a default address by its prefix length:
::/128

7. IPv6 Loopback Address Equivalent to 127.0.0.1 in IPv4
This address is used when a host talks to itself.
Loopback or Local Host Address
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1/128 or
::1/128

8. Three types of IPv6 Addresses
The three types of IPv6 address follow:
1. Unicast
Global Unicast
Globally unique
Routed globally with no modification
Link Local Unicast
Unique Local Address
2. Multicast
3. Anycast
Unlike IPv4, there is no IPv6 broadcast address.
There is, however, an "all nodes" multicast address, which serves essentially the same purpose as a broadcast address.

9. Prefix
Designation and Explanation
IPv4 Equivalent
ff00::/8
Example:
ff01:0:0:0:0:0:0:2
Multicast
These addresses are used to identify multicast groups.
They should only be used as destination addresses, never as source addresses. /4
fe80::/10
fe80::200:5aee:feaa:20a2
Link-Local Addresses
These addresses are used on a single link or a non-routed common access network, such as an Ethernet LAN.
They do not need to be unique outside of that link.
Routers must not forward IPv6 packets if the source or destination contains a link-local address.
/16

10. Link-Local Scope Multicast Addresses

11. Subnetting IPv6 2340:1111:AAAA::/48
A typical IPv6 site prefix will be /48
This creates a 16 bit subnet part of the address structure
Allows for 216, or 65,536, subnets!
There are no concerns about needing an all 0’s or all 1’s subnet in IPv6!
64 bit host field allows for 264 hosts per subnet.
More than 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 addresses per subnet.
Allows of the automatic IPv6 address assignment features to work well (later).

12. Subnetting IPv6 4 specific subnets to be used inside Company1:
/64
4 specific subnets to be used inside Company1:
2340:1111:AAAA:0001::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0002::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0003::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0004::/64
Note: A valid abbreviation is to remove the 3 leading 0’s from the last shown quartet.
2340:1111:AAAA:1::/64

13. IPv6 Routing Protocols
Exactly the same as IPv4 routing protocols only different.
IPv6 Static routes
OSPFv3 (defined in RFC 5340, OSPF for IPv6)
EIGRP for IPv6
RIP next generation (RIPng) (defined in RFC 2080, RIPng for IPv6)
Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol Version 4 (MP-BGP4 or MBGP) (defined in RFC 2545, Use of BGP-4 Multiprotocol Extensions for IPv6 Inter-Domain Routing, and RFC 4760, Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4)

14. ipv6 unicast-routing ipv6 unicast-routing global configuration command
R1(config)# ipv6 router rip luigi
% IPv6 routing not enabled
R1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing
R1(config-rtr)#
ipv6 unicast-routing global configuration command
Enables IPv6 routing
Required before any ipv6 routing protocol can be configured
ipv6 router rip name command
Enables IPv6 rip routing

15. R1 (Example configuration)
ipv6 unicast-routing
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1/64 !
interface Serial0/0/0
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1/64
clock rate 64000
interface Serial0/0/1
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1/64

16. Verify R1# show ip inter brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/ unassigned YES unset up up
FastEthernet0/ unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial0/0/ unassigned YES unset up up
Serial0/0/ unassigned YES unset up up
R1#
R1# show ipv6 inter brief
FastEthernet0/ [up/up]
FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8
2340:1111:AAAA:101::1
FastEthernet0/ [administratively down/down]
Serial0/0/ [up/up]
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1
Serial0/0/ [up/up]
2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1

17. Verify R1 #ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::2 Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 ms
R1#

18. Verify ICMPv6 R1# debug ipv6 packet
IPv6 unicast packet debugging is on
R1# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 ms
R1#
*Jun 19 16:19:13.181: IPv6: SAS picked source 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1 for 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2 (Serial0/0/0)
*Jun 19 16:19:13.181: IPV6: source 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1 (local)
*Jun 19 16:19:13.181: dest 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2 (Serial0/0/0)
*Jun 19 16:19:13.181: traffic class 0, flow 0x0, len 100+0, prot 58, hops 64, originating
Jun 19 16:19:13.241: IPV6: source 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2 (Serial0/0/0)
*Jun 19 16:19:13.241: dest 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1
*Jun 19 16:19:13.241: traffic class 0, flow 0x0, len 100+4, prot 58, hops 64, forward to ulp
R1# un all
ICMPv6

19. Default Static Route
Router(config)# ipv6 route ipv6-prefix/prefix-length {ipv6-address | interface-type interface-number [ipv6-address]} [administrative-distance] [administrative-multicast-distance | unicast | multicast] [next-hop-address] [tag tag]
IPv6 default static route, which is equivalent to IPv4 ip route
Router(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 serial 0/0/0

20. Static Routes: Example
R1(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0102::/64 ser 0/0/0
R1# show ipv6 route
<output omitted>
S :1111:AAAA:102::/64 [1/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
C :1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [0/0]
R2(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/ :1111:AAAA:0A01::1
R2# show ipv6 route
<output omitted>
S :1111:AAAA:101::/64 [1/0]
via 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1
R2# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::1
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 ms
R2#

21. Static Routes: Propagated w/ RIP
ipv6 rip name default-information originate
Example:
Router(config-if)# ipv6 rip process1 default-information originate

22. EIGRP for IPv6

23. EIGRP vs EIGRP for IPv6 EIGRP IPv4 IPv6 Advertises routes for…
Layer 3 protocol for EIGRP messages
Layer 3 header protocol type 88
UDP Port
N/A
Uses Successor, Feasible Successor
yes
Uses Dual
Supports VLSM
Can perform automatic summarization
Uses triggered updates
Default metric bandwidth and delay
Multicast Update destination
FF02::10
Authentication
EIGRP-specific
IPv6 AH/ESP

24. EIGRP for IPv6 Available in Cisco IOS Release 12.4(6)T and later
EIGRP for IPv4 and IPv6 are configured and managed separately although many of the commands are similar.
EIGRP for IPv6 is configured on a per-interface basis, no network command is used.
EIGRP for IPv6 has a shutdown feature which is the default state.
EIGRP for IPv6 does not do automatic summarization like EIGRP for IPv4.
EIGRP for IPv6 sues the neighbors link-local address as the next-hop IP address (neighbor table, topology table, routing table).
EIGRP for IPv6 does not require neighbors to be in the same IPv6 subnet to become neighbors.

25. EIGRP for IPv6
EIGRP Router ID decision steps based on IPv4 configuration:
Use the configured value (using the eigrp router-id a.b.c.d EIGRP subcommand under the ipv6 router eigrp command)
Use the highest IPv4 address on an up/up loopback interface
Use the highest IPv4 address on an up/up non-loopback interface
Note: In an IPv6 only environment the eigrp router-id command must be used otherwise the router will not form any EIGRP adjacencies.
IOS lets you stop and start the EIGRP process with the shutdown and no shutdown router mode subcommands.
After initial configuration, the EIGRP for IPv6 process starts in shutdown mode,
To start the EIGRP process it is required to issue the no shutdown

26. Configuring R1 EIGRP for IPv6 is configured on the interfaces.
R1(config)# inter fa 0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/0
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/1
EIGRP for IPv6 is configured on the interfaces.
There are no network commands

27. Routing Table…
R1# show ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - 8 entries
<output omitted>
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external
C :1111:AAAA:101::/64 [0/0]
via ::, FastEthernet0/0
L :1111:AAAA:101::1/128 [0/0]
C :1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
L :1111:AAAA:A01::1/128 [0/0]
C :1111:AAAA:A03::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
L :1111:AAAA:A03::1/128 [0/0]
L FE80::/10 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
There are no EIGRP IPv6 routes in the routing table... yet.

28. Show ipv6 protocols
R1# show ipv6 protocols
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "connected"
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "static"
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100"
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
Interfaces:
Redistribution:
None
Maximum path: 16
Distance: internal 90 external 170
R1# show ipv6 eigrp neighbors
IPv6-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
% EIGRP 100 is in SHUTDOWN
R1#
There is an EIGRP 100 for IPv6 process but the interfaces are not yet enabled for EIGRP IPv6 because the process is shutdown.

29. Enabling EIGRP for IPv6
R1(config)# inter fa 0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/0
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/1
<The commands above were already completed>
R1(config)# ipv6 router eigrp 100
R1(config-rtr)# router-id ?
A.B.C.D EIGRP Router-ID in IP address format
R1(config-rtr)# router-id
R1(config-rtr)# no shutdown
The EIGRP for IPv6 process must be enabled with the no shutdown command.

30. Verifying
R1# show ipv6 protocols
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "connected"
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "static"
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100"
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
Interfaces:
FastEthernet0/0
Serial0/0/0
Serial0/0/1
Redistribution:
None
Maximum path: 16
Distance: internal 90 external 170
R1# show ipv6 eigrp neighbors
IPv6-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
The EIGRP for IPv6 process has been enabled but we don’t have any neighbors... yet.

31. Verifying
R1# show ipv6 eigrp neighbors
IPv6-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
1 Link-local address: Se0/0/ :05:
FE80::3
0 Link-local address: Se0/0/ :08:
FE80::2
R1#
Notice that EIGRP for IPv6 uses link-local addresses to exchange EIGRP messages.

32. EIGRP for IPv6 Topology Table
R1# show ipv6 eigrp topology
IPv6-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID( )
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - reply Status, s - sia Status
P 4444:0:0:4001::/64, 1 successors, FD is
via FE80::3 ( / ), Serial0/0/1
P 2340:1111:AAAA:103::/64, 1 successors, FD is
via FE80::3 ( /28160), Serial0/0/1
P 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::/64, 1 successors, FD is
via Connected, Serial0/0/1
P 2340:1111:AAAA:B02::/64, 1 successors, FD is
via FE80::3 ( / ), Serial0/0/1
P 2340:1111:AAAA:A02::/64, 1 successors, FD is
via FE80::2 ( / ), Serial0/0/0
P 2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64, 1 successors, FD is
via FE80::2 ( /28160), Serial0/0/0
P 2340:1111:AAAA:B01::/64, 1 successors, FD is
P 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64, 1 successors, FD is
via Connected, Serial0/0/0
P 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64, 1 successors, FD is 28160
via Connected, FastEthernet0/0
R1# .

33. IPv6 Routing Table Link-local address is next-hop address
R1# show ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - 14 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP
<output omitted>
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external
C :1111:AAAA:101::/64 [0/0]
via ::, FastEthernet0/0
L :1111:AAAA:101::1/128 [0/0]
D :1111:AAAA:102::/64 [90/ ]
via FE80::2, Serial0/0/0
D :1111:AAAA:103::/64 [90/ ]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
D :1111:AAAA:B01::/64 [90/ ]
D :1111:AAAA:B02::/64 [90/ ]
D :0:0:4001::/64 [90/ ]
Link-local address is next-hop address

34. Verify R1# ping 4444:0:0:4001::1 Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4444:0:0:4001::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/56/60 ms
R1#

35. Default Route (one method)
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/0
R3(config-if)# ipv6 summary-address eigrp 100 ::/0
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/1
R3(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 ser 0/1/0
R3(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 ser 0/1/1
R3# show ipv6 route
S ::/0 [1/0]
via ::, Serial0/1/0
via ::, Serial0/1/1
<output omitted>
Propagate an EIGRP ::/0 summary route to R1 and R2
Create the default static route
Verify static route

36. Verify Static Route R1# show ipv6 route D ::/0 [90/2172416]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
C :1111:AAAA:101::/64 [0/0]
via ::, FastEthernet0/0
L :1111:AAAA:101::1/128 [0/0]
D :1111:AAAA:102::/64 [90/ ]
via FE80::2, Serial0/0/0
<output omitted>
R1# ping 4444::1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4444::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/56/56 ms
R1#

37. Time for Lab