1. Quark Matter 2011, Annecy, May 23-29 2011 Ridge correlation structure in high multiplicity pp collisions with CMS Dragos Velicanu for the CMS Collaboration

2. Results from High Multiplicity pp 2 Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011

3. CMS Experiment 3 Tracker (Pixels and Strips) EM Calorimeter (ECAL) Hadron Calorimeter (HCAL) Muon system Forward Calorimeter (HF) Beam Scintillator Counters (BSC) Large coverage (|  η|<5.0) 50 μm vertex resolution Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011

4. Trigger on High Multiplicity pp 4 High-Level trigger: number of tracks with p T >0.4 GeV/c, |  |<2 from a single vertex Level-1:  E T > 60 GeV in calorimeters CMS trigger and DAQ Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011

5. Trigger on High Multiplicity pp 5 ~350K top multiplicity events (N>110) out of 50 billion collisions Total integrated luminosity: 980nb -1 Two HLT thresholds: N online > 70 N online > 85 N online > 85 trigger un-prescaled for full 980nb -1 data set Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 JHEP 1009:091, 2010

6. Angular Correlation Technique Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 6 Event 1 Background distribution : Signal distribution: Event 2 Divide signal by background same event pairsmixed event pairs

7. Correlations in High Multiplicity pp 7 Intermediate p T : 1-3 GeV/c Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 High multiplicity pp (N>110)

8. Correlations in High Multiplicity pp 8 Intermediate p T : 1-3 GeV/c “Near-side” ( ,  ~ 0) correlations from single jets “Away-side” (  ~  ) back-to-back jet correlations Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011

9. High multiplicity pp (N>110) Correlations in High Multiplicity pp 9 Intermediate p T : 1-3 GeV/c Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 Striking “ridge-like” structure extending over  at  ~ 0

10. High multiplicity pp (N>110) Correlations in High Multiplicity pp 10 Intermediate p T : 1-3 GeV/c Minbias pp High multiplicity MC Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 Striking “ridge-like” structure extending over  at  ~ 0 (not observed before in hadron collisions or MC models)

11. High multiplicity pp (N>110) Correlations in High Multiplicity pp 11 Intermediate p T : 1-3 GeV/c Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 Striking “ridge-like” structure extending over  at  ~ 0

12. High multiplicity pp (N>110) Correlations in High Multiplicity pp 12 Intermediate p T : 1-3 GeV/c Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 CMS PbPb 2.76 TeV arXiv:1105.2438 Striking “ridge-like” structure extending over  at  ~ 0 (Similarity to Heavy Ion)

13. Interpretations of the Ridge 13 CMS pp 7 TeV, N ≥ 110 ? CMS PbPb 2.76 TeV, 0-5% Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011

14. New Results 14 Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 2x as much data –|Δη| dependence –p T dependence –Multiplicity dependence

15. New Results 15 Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 Ridge goes away at high p T 2x as much data –|Δη| dependence –p T dependence –Multiplicity dependence

16. |  | dependence of the ridge 16 Ridge is mostly flat in |  | Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 Zero-Yield-At-Minimum (ZYAM)

17.  projections in various p T ranges 17 p T assoc p T trig CMS pp 7 TeV, N ≥ 110 2<|  |<4 CMS Preliminary Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011

18.  projections in bins of p T 18 pTpT pTpT CMS pp 7 TeV, N ≥ 110 Ridge region (2<|  |<4) Jet region (|  |<1) Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011

19. p T dependence of the ridge 19 Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 Jet region (|  |<1) Ridge region (2<|  |<4)

20. Near-side yield vs p T 20 N Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 Ridge first increases with p T, and then drops at high p T Ridge region (2<|  |<4) Jet region (|  |<1) N

21. Near-side yield vs Multiplicity 21 Ridge in pp turns on around N ~ 50-60 (4x MinBias) smoothly ( ~ 15 in MinBias pp events) Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 Ridge region (2<|  |<4) Jet region (|  |<1)

22. Summary Surprising new effect in pp –Never before seen in pp or pp MC –Similar to HI New results provide more detailed properties of ridge –pt, |Δη|, multiplicity dependence New testing ground for high density QCD physics 22 Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 CMS pp 7 TeV, N ≥ 110 CMS PbPb 2.76 TeV, 0-5% Wei Li (Plenary session Thursday) Jeremy Callner (Parallel Tuesday)

23. Backups 23 Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011

24. Understanding the Correlation Structure Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 24 CMS 7TeV pp minimum bias p T inclusive What was used in PHOBOS, ISR, UA5

25. Understanding the Correlation Structure Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 25 Momentum conservation: ~ -cos(  ) Bose-Einstein correlations:  ) ~ (0,0) “Away-side” (  ~  ) jet correlations: Correlation of particles between back- to-back jets “Near-side” (  ~ 0) jet peak: Correlation of particles within a single jet Short-range correlations (  < 2): Resonances, string fragmentation, “clusters” p T inclusive CMS 7TeV pp minimum bias

26. Comparing to various MC 26 PYTHIA8, v8.135 Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011

27. More MC models 27 PYTHIA D6T MinBias, N>70 PYTHIA D6T, Dijet 80-120GeV HERWIG++, N>110 Madgraph, Dijet 100-250GeV, N>90 Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011

28. Cross Check: Event Pileup 28 Compare different run periods Change in pileup fraction by factor 4-5 has almost no effect on ridge signal Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011

29. Cross Check: Event Pileup Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 29 No background or noise effects seen in cross-collision correlations Correlate tracks from high multiplicity vertex with tracks from different collision (vertex) in same bunch crossing N>110 1.0GeV/c<p T <3.0GeV/c 2.0<|  |<4.8

30. Cross Check: Analysis Code Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 30 Independent code Same definition of R Same input file (skim) Ridge is seen with three independent analysis codes Standard analysis Control analysis I Control analysis II Independent code Different definition of R Different input file (skim) N>110 1<p T <3GeV/c |  |>2

31. Cross Check: Trigger Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 31 Ridge is seen using min bias trigger + offline selection Min bias trigger Min-bias trigger vs high mult trigger HLT 70 vs HLT 85 for N > 110 No trigger bias seen from comparison of trigger paths N>110 1<p T <2 GeV/c |  |>2 1<p T <2GeV/c |  |>2

32. Cross Check: ECAL photons Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 32 Track-photon correlations CMS preliminary Note: photons reconstructed using “particle flow” event reconstruction technique Use ECAL “photon” signal Mostly single photons from  0 ’s No efficiency, and p T,  smearing corrections N>110 1<p T <3GeV/c |  |>2 N>110 1<p T <3GeV/c

33. Cross Check: ECAL photons Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011 33 Use ECAL “photon” signal Mostly single photons from  0 ’s No efficiency, and p T,  smearing corrections Photon-photon correlations Qualitative confirmation Independent detector, independent reconstruction CMS preliminary N>110 1<p T <3GeV/c |  |>2 N>110 1<p T <3GeV/c

34. Particle density in high Mult pp Similar particle densities in these pp collisions as were seen in CuCu at RHIC 34 CMS pp 7TeV, N>100 PHOBOS CuCu 62.4GeV Dragos Velicanu (MIT) pp Ridge for Quark Matter 2011