1. Surveillance in Europe: status and plans
MAKS 2013, Moscow
29th August 2013
Johan Martensson
Network Manager Directorate, EUROCONTROL

2. Deployment & Regulations Performance Analysis Next steps
Agenda 1
Introduction 2
Deployment & Regulations 3
Performance Analysis 4
Next steps

3. ADS-B/WAM Deployment – CASCADE
Wide Area Multilateration (WAM)
Ground Surveillance Applications (ADS-B Out)
ADS-B Receiver
Enhanced ATS in Non-Radar areas (NRA)
Enhanced ATS in Radar areas (RAD)
Airport Surface Surveillance (APT)
Aircraft derived data (ADD)
2010 IOC
Airborne Surveillance Applications (ADS-B In ATSAW)
2011 IOC
Enhanced TSA during Flight operations (AIRB)
In Trail Procedure (ITP)
Visual separation on approach (VSA)
Enhanced TSA for Surface operations (SURF)
Interval Management (FIM - ADS-B In Spacing)
ATS – Air Traffic Services
TSA – Traffic Situation Awareness

4. Global interoperability
More than a decade of intensive international co-operation
ANSPs/Airspace Users/Industry/Regulators
Common Standards for Operations and Systems
Completed for
ADS-B Out
ADS-B In: Traffic Situation Awareness in the cockpit
Ongoing for
ADS-B In: Spacing, Separation, Alerting
Aligned Certification material
Civil-Military interoperability
Reduction of exemptions for State aircraft
Provisions for military in SES Regulations
Rationalisation of CNS infrastructure
Exchange of functional performance assessment results
Guidance to implementers
Great contribution to global interoperability and cost-efficiency

5. Deployment & Regulations Performance Analysis Next steps
Agenda 1
Introduction 2
Deployment & Regulations 3
Performance Analysis 4
Next steps

6. ADS-B and WAM Deployment in Europe
ADS-B IN
Voluntary implementation in wider areas
New equipage
Pioneer Phase
Avionics: EASA AMC20-24 and later EASA CS-ACNS
ADS-B OUT
2017
2015
Voluntary implementation
in pocket areas
Certified existing equipage
IR based implementation in wider areas
Upgraded equipage
Forward-fit
Retro-fit
Pioneer Phase
Mandate Phase
Avionics: EASA AMC20-24
Avionics: EASA CS-ACNS
EU Regulation 1207/2011
2019
State a/c
WAM
WAM / ADS-B Ground system Deployment

7. ADS-B Out and Mode S Mandate
Regulation (EU) 1207/2011
European Commission Single European Sky
Surveillance Performance & Interoperability
Implementing Rule
(SPI IR)
All aircraft flying IFR/GAT
Mode S ELS
Aircraft flying IFR/GAT >5700 kg or >250kts TAS
ADS-B Out & Mode S EHS
Option for ADS-B specific airspace mandate
Mandate dates
Forward fit 8 Jan 2015
Retrofit 7 Dec 2017
Provisions for State a/c (Article 8)
7 Dec 2017 (Mode S ELS)
1 Jan 2019 (Mode S EHS and ADS-B for transport-type aircraft) 7 7

8. Mode S radar Deployment
322 Mode S radars
12 new applications (not included)

9. ADS-B & WAM Deployment Austria Bulgaria Czech Republic Cyprus Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Iceland
Italy
Latvia
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden UK
ADS-B & WAM Deployment
Legend
ADS-B current equipage
ADS-B updated avionics
WAM with ADS-B capabilities
ADS-B and WAM Opportunities
Dates
System Deployment D = Deployed 9

10. Estimated ADS-B & WAM sensors & systems10

11. Aircraft readiness for ADS-B Out operations
Two certification baselines:
AMC 20-24
Legacy ADS-B Out installations are generally compliant to AMC20-24
Several configurations are Certified
Currently used in Operations
Short term implementation in lower density airspace
CS-ACNS – compliance means for EU Regulation 1207/2011
Avionics upgrade required (currently limited availability)
Support high density surveillance
Recommended (future) implementation baseline

12. EU IR 1207/2011 (CS-ACNS) Key ADS-B Avionics Requirements
(E)TSO-C145/146 (DO229D)
(E)TSO-C196 (DO316)
(E)TSO-C129a (DO208)
GNSS
(E)TSO-C166b (ED102A/DO260B)
(E)TSO-C112d (ED73E/DO181E)
Transponder
System Integrity: 10-5/fh
System Continuity: 5000fh MTBF*
Stringent Latency requirements
Additional GPS receiver qualification required (beyond ETSO level)
Same data sources as for SSR
Device & function failure indications
Air/ground status determination
Geo Alt: only height-above-ellipsoid
Antenna diversity, transmit power – same as for Mode S
* CS-ACNS NPA suggesting “remote” discussion on-going
Total Latency: < 1.5s
Uncomp. Latency: < 0.6s

13. ADS-B Out Regulations in Europe and USA High-level comparison
Europe 1207/2011(Draft CS-ACNS) ≈ US 14 CFR (AC20-165A)
1207/2011
91.227
Applicability
Aircraft related
Airspace related
ADS-B Out Protocol
Identical (ED-102A / DO-260B, 1090ES v2)
allows for UAT below ft
Antenna Diversity
Required
Required, bottom-mounted allowed for A1S,B1S
Position source
ETSO-C129a/196/145/ additional requirements
NIC=7(0.2NM), NACp=8(0.05NM), NACv=1(10m/s), SIL=3, SDA=2
ETSO-C129()/196/145/146* + additional requirements
* In practice, higher end receivers (145/146) will likely be required to meet the US rule with satisfactory availability
Data items
Same baseline + Vertical rate, GPS antenna offset, Selected Altitude, Barometric Pressure Setting
Same baseline + ADS-B In Capability

14. ADS-B IN 5000+ ATSAW flights Pioneer operators
First ATSAW certified aircraft delivered June 2011
First ATSAW Operations by Swiss 7 Feb 2012
5000+ flights performed so far
Pioneer operators
Aircraft Type
ADS-B IN installation type
Number of Aircraft
B767
EFB Class 3 3
A330
Integrated display system 16 5
Total 24
Other operators are ordering ADS-B In for new a/c 14

15. Deployment & Regulations Performance Analysis Next steps
Agenda 1
Introduction 2
Deployment & Regulations 3
Performance Analysis 4
Next steps

16. Surveillance Evolution & Consequences
Surveillance functions are moving to the aircraft
Cooperative surveillance: Mode A/C >> Mode S >> ADS-B
More information is provided by the airborne sub-system
Surveillance performance is more dependent on the airborne sub-system
Airborne surveillance sub-system is becoming more complex
More functions
Increasing number of interfaces with avionics
 Increasing need for air-ground & air-air interoperability
 Increasing need for inter-avionics equipment interoperability

17. Performance Monitoring
13300 ADS-B aircraft in the Database
19 billion ADS-B reports
Continuous monitoring
International co-ordination

18. Deployment & Regulations Performance Analysis Next steps
Agenda 1
Introduction 2
Deployment & Regulations 3
Performance Analysis 4
Next steps

19. Ground Surveillance Technical specifications
Composite ADS-B and WAM surveillance system specification
Surveillance services from a single equipment network architecture
New system specification for combined systems (ED-nnn)
Updated ADS-B & WAM system specifications (ED-129 & ED-142)
Generic Surveillance (GEN-SUR) - SPR & PSC
Guidance to address safety requirements in EC Regulation 1207/2011 – Safety assessment for all Surveillance systems
Combining surveillance techniques (ADS-B, Radar, WAM) at functional a level

20. Ground Surveillance Satellite based ADS-B
Global coverage of ADS-B Out
excluding higher density areas
Several studies
One consortium (Aireon) with firm deployment plans
Objective to support NM Separation
66 LEO satellites (Iridium NEXT)
First launch 2015 / Full constellation 2017
ATM Impact – key areas
Network Improvement
Business Case
Interoperability
Global coordination will be required

21. ADS-B Out expansion beyond Air Transport
Proposal to increase the scope of EU Regulation 1207/2011
No change to existing requirements or dates !
Objective to cover all aircraft subject to surveillance
Maximise Surveillance infrastructure rationalisation
Mitigate airspace infringements and prevent misleading data
Low cost ADS-B Out [GNSS & Transponder]
Two initiatives:
LPSE – Low Power Surveillance Equipment (FAA)
LPAT – Low Power ADS-B Transceiver (UK)
Voluntary equipage
Target low end airspace users, visible for Situation Awareness but not for ATC separation services

22. ABS-B IN Next steps Flight Deck Interval Management (FIM)
Speed guidance to achieve precise interval spacing between aircraft
Step 1: MOPS & SPR target end 2014
Step 2: tbd
Traffic Situation Awareness with Alerts (TSAA)
ADS-B based collision avoidance system for aircraft without ACAS II
At the “traffic advisory” level, i.e. no coordination or resolution advisories
MOPS & SPR target end 2013
CDTI Assisted Visual Separation on Approach (CAVS)
After initial visual contact - allow Own Visual Separation where the Display replaces visual contact

23. Other Surveillance related Developments
Flight plan indications for ADS-B
Proposal to introduce means to indicate specific ADS-B Out and ADS-B In capabilities in the ICAO flight plan
FPL 2012 indications as baseline
Expanding through the SUR/ indicator in Item 18
ACAS improvements
Hybrid ACAS – reduced RF though passive use of ADS-B
ACAS X – Improved ACAS, backwards compatible, with application adjusted logic
Improved data link for Surveillance
1090 MHz increased bandwidth through phase modulation
Future data link studies

24. Rationalised High Performance Surveillance system
Conclusions
Surveillance standards and Regulations published
Airborne & Ground Deployment ongoing
Rationalised High Performance Surveillance system
Global Interoperability
New Application Development ongoing

25. Questions

26. SES Surveillance Regulations overview…
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Airborne Surveillance – ADS-B In
Voluntary benefit driven implementation
Airborne Safety net – ACAS II v7.1 – IR driven
EC IR 1332/2011
ICAO Forward-fit v7.1
EUR Forward-fit v7.1
EUR Retro-fit v7.1
Air / Ground Interface – Mode S & ADS-B Out – IR driven
Aircraft operators
Service providers
Forward-fit ELS / EHS / ADS-B
Retro-fit ELS / EHS / ADS-B
Mil. a/c ELS
Mil.Trp.a/c EHS / ADS-B
EC IR 1207/2011
NPA > CS-ACNS
EC IR 1206/2011
Systems ready for Aircraft ID as identification means
Ground Surveillance – ADS-B Out / Mode S / WAM
Most appropriate & efficient surveillance solution for the particular environment

27. SES Surveillance Regulations Applicability
EU IR 1207/2011 – Mode S & ADS-B Out (v2)
All IFR/GAT aircraft
Mode S ELS
IFR/GAT aircraft >5700kg or >250kts TAS
ADS-B Out
Fixed wing IFR/GAT aircraft >5700kg or >250kts TAS
Mode S EHS
ANSPs
Most efficient solution
Possibility for local mandates
EU IR 1332/2011 – ACAS II v7.1
Turbine-powered aeroplanes > 5 700 kg or > 19 passengers
ACAS II v7.1
Also applies to aircraft which will be equipped on a voluntary basis
Does not apply to unmanned aircraft systems
Timeline
ADS-B/ELS/EHS Rtr + ELS Mil. a/c 7 dec 2017
ADS-B/ELS/EHS Fwd 8 Jan 2015
ADS-B/EHS Mil. Trp. a/c 1 Jan 2019
Regional Mode S mandates
TCAS v7.1 Fwd 1 Mar 2012
TCAS v7.1 Rtr 1 Dec 2015
Ground systems ACID ready
2 Jan 2020 (EU IR 1206/2011)
Earlier
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Later

28. ICAO Documents ADS-B Out
Annex 10 Volume IV (Current Amdt 85, next version: v2 ES 1207/2011)
Mode S Services on ES (Doc 9871 ed2, 2012)
ADS-B In [AIRB, ITP, SURF, VSA] + [IM, CAVS, CAPP, TSAA] +…
PANS-OPS (Doc 8168) to include A/C Operating Procedures
Airborne Surveillance Manual (Draft Doc 9994, ASTAF)
ITP (SASP and ASTAF)
PANS-ATM (Doc 4444) ITP Circular (Draft)
Mode S & ACAS II
Annex 10 Volume III & IV
ACAS Manual (Doc 9863 ed2, 2012)
SASP - Separation and Airspace Safety Panel
ASTAF - Airborne Surveillance Task Force

29. Regional Regulatory Documents
Equipment certification:
ADS-B Out ETSO-C166b (Jul 2012)* + ETSO-C129a / ETSO-C145c/146c / ETSO-196a
ADS-B In ETSO-C195a (Jul 2012), TCAS hybrid sur. ETSO-C119c (Dec 2009)
ACAS II ETSO-C119c (Dec 2009)
Mode S ETSO-C112d (to be issued)
Airworthiness Approval
ADS-B Out: CS-ACNS (NPA , expected Q2 2013) (AC20-165A (Nov 2012))
ADS-B In: CRI (Certification Review Item), Tbd EASA Certification Memo (AC20-172A (Mar 2012))
Mode S & CS-ACNS (NPA , expected Q2 2013), JAA TGL13 Rev1 (June 2003), ACAS II AMC20-13 (Dec 2006) (AC20-131A, AC20-151A)

30. ADS-B Out Required Data items
Parameter
1207/2011(Draft CS-ACNS)
AMC 20-24
§ (AC20-165A)
ICAO 24 bit address
Mandatory
Aircraft identification
Mode A code (incl. disabling function)
Special position indication (SPI or IDENT)
Emergency status (incl. emgy indication)
Mandatory*
Barometric Pressure altitude (incl NICbaro)
ADS-B version number
Mandatory, ≥ 2
Horizontal position (incl. NIC, NACp, SDA & SIL)
Horizontal Velocity (E/W,N/S & Hdg/Trk gnd, HRD, NACv)
Recommended
Geometric Altitude (HAE) (incl. GVA) -
ADS-B Emitter category
Aircraft length and width
GNSS antenna offset
Vertical rate (Hybrid, Baro, Baro-inertial or GNSS)
Selected Altitude (MCP/FCU incl status)
If available
Optional
Selected Heading
Barometric pressure setting
ACAS traffic status (incl. RA active (TCAS II) etc)
If TCAS II installed
ACAS installed & operating RA capable (TCAS II)
ADS-B In capability installed
If installed

31. Mode S Required Data items
Parameter
ELS
1207/2011 (Draft CS-ACNS)
EHS
ICAO 24 bit address
Mandatory
Aircraft identification
Mode A code
Special position indication (SPI or IDENT)
Emergency status (incl. Mode A codes)
Barometric Pressure altitude
Level 2 SI Code capable
Flight Status (Air/Gnd)
Data link capability report (ACAS, Mode S, ES, SI,…)
ACAS traffic status (incl. RA active (TCAS II) etc)
If TCAS II installed
Horizontal Velocity (Ground speed) -
Vertical rate
Selected Altitude (MCP/FCU incl status)
Barometric pressure setting
Roll Angle
True Track Angle
Indicated Airspeed (IAS) or Mach
Magnetic Heading
Track Angle Rate (or true airspeed if “TAR” not available)

32. Typical ADS-B/WAM Benefit cases Non-Radar Airspace
TMA around secondary airports with increasing traffic (e.g. low-cost carriers)
No Surveillance coverage
Reduced efficiency (sub-optimal routing, holdings etc.)
-> estimate 2-3 mins per a/c
-> enabling of PBN (Kos/Greece as a pilot case)
If there are predominant carriers, current ADS-B technology could be used
If there is mixed fleet, WAM could be an alternative (typically higher cost than ADS-B as it includes multiple stations but still lower than radar)

33. Typical ADS-B/WAM Benefit cases Radar Airspace
Future Radar decommissioning
Cost avoidance (ADS-B/WAM cost is significantly lower)
Assessed with UK NATS (Mode S radar replacement)
WAM can be used now
ADS-B requires the SPI IR functionality (dates )
Clause for ANSP efficiency
IR 1207/2011 extension?
Incentives (e.g. low-end)?

34. Surveillance Technology
ACAS X
User Group
Surveillance Technology
Advisories
ACAS XA
Current TCAS II users (large aircraft)
Active radar supplemented with passive
Same as current TCAS II
ACAS XO
Users of specific operations (e.g., CSPO, Formation Flights, ASAS Operations)
Procedure-specific alerts for selected aircraft, global alerting against all others
ACAS XP
General aviation
Passive only
Reduced advisory set
ACAS XU
Unmanned aircraft
Potentially radar, EO/IR, etc.
Vertical and horizontal advisories

35. EC Implementing Rule Exemptions and Incentives
Regulation (EU) 1207/2011
European Commission Single European Sky
Surveillance Performance & Interoperability
Implementing Rule
(SPI IR)
Exemption provisions:
Mode S EHS only (specific architectures)
Basic Regulation (EU) 216/2008
Generic exemption provisions:
Article 14 para 4 and 5
INCENTIVES:
At this stage not anticipated for AOC holders 35 35