1. Jumpstart Assignment What do you think it would be like to be a soldier in war… particularly WW2? Explain your answer.

2. Axis and Allies Strategy Axis powers (Italy, Germany, Japan) has no strategy. Axis powers (Italy, Germany, Japan) has no strategy. Allies share a more unified strategy: Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin considered Germany the #1 threat. Allies share a more unified strategy: Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin considered Germany the #1 threat. – Agreed to a “Europe First” strategy

3. Allies Gain Ground U.S. gives Allies the first sign of hope with the policy as the “Arsenal of Democracy.” U.S. gives Allies the first sign of hope with the policy as the “Arsenal of Democracy.” – The problem was delivering the supplies As in WWI, Germany used U-Boats to destroy merchant ships carrying war supplies. As in WWI, Germany used U-Boats to destroy merchant ships carrying war supplies. American’s use convoy’s as well as radar to lessen the effectiveness of the German “Wolf packs” American’s use convoy’s as well as radar to lessen the effectiveness of the German “Wolf packs”

4. Stalingrad Hitler’s initial strategy was to conquer all of the Soviet Union. Hitler’s initial strategy was to conquer all of the Soviet Union. In 1942, he narrows his sights on the oil fields in southern Russia in a town called Stalingrad. In 1942, he narrows his sights on the oil fields in southern Russia in a town called Stalingrad. German troops surrender (because of sickness and frostbite) in Jan. 1943 German troops surrender (because of sickness and frostbite) in Jan. 1943 – This marks Germany’s first major defeat in WWII. – 91,000 POW’s taken by the Soviets, but only 5,000 survive the return to Germany.

6. Allies set sights on North Africa Stalin wants the Allies to fight in France as a “Second Front,” but FDR decides that America needs more time to prepare. Stalin wants the Allies to fight in France as a “Second Front,” but FDR decides that America needs more time to prepare. General Dwight Eisenhower leads the allied invasion into North Africa General Dwight Eisenhower leads the allied invasion into North Africa – After defeating the Axis, Eisenhower puts North African forces under the command of General George S. Patton

7. Increasing their Advances After defeating the Axis Powers in North Africa, the Allies set their sights to Italy (July 1943) After defeating the Axis Powers in North Africa, the Allies set their sights to Italy (July 1943) Begin in Sicily, in a 38 day campaign to take the island, this defeat ended the rule of Mussolini. Begin in Sicily, in a 38 day campaign to take the island, this defeat ended the rule of Mussolini. On Sept. 3, 1943, the Italy surrenders and declares war on Germany. On Sept. 3, 1943, the Italy surrenders and declares war on Germany.

8. Our Brave Bombers In 1942, Allied bombers begin a nonstop attack on Germany. In 1942, Allied bombers begin a nonstop attack on Germany. – British bombers use saturation bombing – using bombs to destroy German cities – American bombers use strategic bombing – destroying key military and economic facilities to inhibit Germany’s ability to fight – Tuskegee Airmen- African – American fighter squadron was key to the success of the mission

9. The Pacific Admiral Yamamoto, after attacking Pearl Harbor sets his sites on Midway, an American naval base in the Central Pacific. Admiral Yamamoto, after attacking Pearl Harbor sets his sites on Midway, an American naval base in the Central Pacific. Navy code breakers led by Admiral Chester Nimitz intercept the Japanese Plans and send all available carriers to protect the islands. Navy code breakers led by Admiral Chester Nimitz intercept the Japanese Plans and send all available carriers to protect the islands. The Battle of Midway became the turning point of the war in the Pacific. The Battle of Midway became the turning point of the war in the Pacific. – American’s destroy 4 Japanese carriers while losing only one, and kill many of Japan’s most skilled pilots.

10. Jumpstart Assignment How do you think that life changed for American’s who did not go to war? Explain your answer. How do you think that life changed for American’s who did not go to war? Explain your answer.

11. WW2 – The Home Front WW2 changes life for women in America WW2 changes life for women in America – Rosie the Riveter is used as a propaganda tool to encourage women to work. – Women take on jobs in heavy industry to help support the war effort

12. Changes for African-Americans African-Americans African-Americans – Despite the need for workers, African- Americans were still discriminated against in the workforce. – A. Philip Randolph urges (through protest) President Roosevelt to end discrimination. Executive Order 8802 – required that any company receiving government money to fair hiring practices. Executive Order 8802 – required that any company receiving government money to fair hiring practices.

14. War causes Migration Millions of American’s move out of the country and into the cities to support wartime industry. Millions of American’s move out of the country and into the cities to support wartime industry. Bracero Program (a migrant worker policy) began to fill in the need for agricultural workers Bracero Program (a migrant worker policy) began to fill in the need for agricultural workers – Growing number of migrants cause conflicts in cities, including major riots in Detroit

15. Challenges to Civil Liberties “Enemy Aliens” are required to register with the government. “Enemy Aliens” are required to register with the government. Internment camps are created to hold German, Italian, and Japanese Americans. Eventually, only Japanese were held in the camps. Internment camps are created to hold German, Italian, and Japanese Americans. Eventually, only Japanese were held in the camps. Korematsu v. United States – Supreme Court upholds the internment policy. Korematsu v. United States – Supreme Court upholds the internment policy.

17. Supporting the War Effort American’s buy war bonds to support the military effort. American’s buy war bonds to support the military effort. Debt climbs from $42 billion to $269 billion Debt climbs from $42 billion to $269 billion Government creates Office of Price Administration to control costs. Government creates Office of Price Administration to control costs. Coupon books are made to ration out certain wartime goods. Coupon books are made to ration out certain wartime goods. Office of War Information works closely with media outlets to ensure support for the war. Office of War Information works closely with media outlets to ensure support for the war.

23. Jumpstart Assignment Do you think that the American government has the right to take away our rights as they did with Fred Korematsu by putting him in an internment camp simply because his parents were Japanese? Do you think that the American government has the right to take away our rights as they did with Fred Korematsu by putting him in an internment camp simply because his parents were Japanese?

24. Jumpstart Assignment What did you like the most about the Holocaust Museum, what did you like the least? Do you think that it was a worth while experience? Would you recommend that we take future classes? What did you like the most about the Holocaust Museum, what did you like the least? Do you think that it was a worth while experience? Would you recommend that we take future classes?

25. Victory for the Allies What two battles set the stage for the allied victory? What two battles set the stage for the allied victory? – Battle for Midway Islands and – Stalingrad Planning Germany’s Defeat Planning Germany’s Defeat – Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill organize European Front at the Tehran Conference – the plan was code named Operation Overlord.

26. D-Day Invasion Storm 5 beaches of Normandy (France) using the largest fleet ever assembled (4,400 ships) Storm 5 beaches of Normandy (France) using the largest fleet ever assembled (4,400 ships) Decoy at Calais Decoy at Calais June 6, 1944 – known as D-Day – the Allies strike Germany with amazing force. Prior to this, 11,000 planes prepare the way for the troops. June 6, 1944 – known as D-Day – the Allies strike Germany with amazing force. Prior to this, 11,000 planes prepare the way for the troops. Omaha Omaha

29. Liberation of Europe After D-Day the Germans faced a hopeless two- front war. After D-Day the Germans faced a hopeless two- front war. By August of 1944, the Allies had liberated Paris. By August of 1944, the Allies had liberated Paris. Operation Valkyrie – Rommel and other Generals plot Hitler’s death. Operation Valkyrie – Rommel and other Generals plot Hitler’s death. Germany counterattacks at the Battle of the Bulge. Germany counterattacks at the Battle of the Bulge. – Trying to confuse the Allies – Americans hold at Bastogne, Belgium – the cold winter render Allied airstrikes useless.

30. Victory in Europe May 7, Germany surrenders to the Allies on a day known as V-E Day (Victory in Europe) May 7, Germany surrenders to the Allies on a day known as V-E Day (Victory in Europe) FDR never lived to see the end of war, instead Harry S. Truman took over. FDR never lived to see the end of war, instead Harry S. Truman took over.

31. Advancing in the Pacific In the Pacific, America used an island hopping strategy to defeat the Japanese – capturing some islands while ignoring others. In the Pacific, America used an island hopping strategy to defeat the Japanese – capturing some islands while ignoring others. Iwo Jima – 23,000 dead Okinawa – 50,000 Iwo Jima – 23,000 dead Okinawa – 50,000 Despite having limited resources, many Japanese fought to the last man. Despite having limited resources, many Japanese fought to the last man. Japanese fighter pilots – known as kamikaze – would deliberately crash their planes into American ships. Japanese fighter pilots – known as kamikaze – would deliberately crash their planes into American ships.

32. The Atom Bomb In 1942, FDR creates a program called the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb. In 1942, FDR creates a program called the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb. J. Robert Oppenheimer leads the project along with thousands of other scientists (Enrico Fermi) J. Robert Oppenheimer leads the project along with thousands of other scientists (Enrico Fermi) The decision to drop the bomb rested squarely on the shoulders of new President, Harry Truman The decision to drop the bomb rested squarely on the shoulders of new President, Harry Truman On August 6, 1945 the first bomb is dropped on Hiroshima, on August 9, 1945 the second bomb is dropped on Nagasaki. On August 6, 1945 the first bomb is dropped on Hiroshima, on August 9, 1945 the second bomb is dropped on Nagasaki. The Japanese surrender on August 15 th. (V-J Day) The Japanese surrender on August 15 th. (V-J Day)

36. Homework - Talking to the Text Read Ch. 11, Sec. 5 (pages 386-391). On the sheet you will need to copy down the headings and bold words found in the section. I also want you to right down what you are thinking as you are reading the texts (Questions that you may have, thoughts that may come up in your mind as you read.) Read Ch. 11, Sec. 5 (pages 386-391). On the sheet you will need to copy down the headings and bold words found in the section. I also want you to right down what you are thinking as you are reading the texts (Questions that you may have, thoughts that may come up in your mind as you read.)

37. Jumpstart Assignment In your opinion, did Truman make the right decision in dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Do you think the second bomb was necessary? In your opinion, did Truman make the right decision in dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Do you think the second bomb was necessary?

38. WW1 vs. WW2 Germany surrendered in WW1 before they were invaded. In WW2, Germany and Japan both fought until they were completely defeated. Germany surrendered in WW1 before they were invaded. In WW2, Germany and Japan both fought until they were completely defeated.

39. Yalta Conference The Big 3, meet to define what postwar Europe will look like. The Big 3, meet to define what postwar Europe will look like. The Soviet Union had occupied much of Eastern Europe at the end of WW2. The Soviet Union had occupied much of Eastern Europe at the end of WW2. The World Altered The World Altered – Germany is split in half, communist East Germany and noncommunist West Germany. – Eastern Europe becomes communist. – Japan is occupied by American forces. – Imperialism ends throughout.

40. Superpowers Emerge United States and Soviet Union emerge as world powers. (or superpowers) United States and Soviet Union emerge as world powers. (or superpowers) America emerged as the most powerful military, wealthiest, and confident nation in the world. America emerged as the most powerful military, wealthiest, and confident nation in the world.

41. International Cooperation General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) – designed to expand world trade by reducing global tariffs. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) – designed to expand world trade by reducing global tariffs. United Nations – organization to succeed the League of Nations, to promote international cooperation, headquartered in New York City United Nations – organization to succeed the League of Nations, to promote international cooperation, headquartered in New York City

42. War Criminals on Trial During the war, the Geneva Convention had been violated over and over by the Axis Powers. During the war, the Geneva Convention had been violated over and over by the Axis Powers. – An agreement governing the humane treatment of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war. Nuremberg Trials – members of the Third Reich are put on trial for atrocities committed during WW2. Nuremberg Trials – members of the Third Reich are put on trial for atrocities committed during WW2.

43. America Prospers America assumes global leadership as it emerges from WW2 The end of WW2 ushers in economic prosperity. The southwest grows rapidly. American’s turn their attention towards civil rights.