1. CHAPTER 12; INT. TRADE ORGANIZATIONS
International Trade & the World Economy;  Charles van Marrewijk
CHAPTER 12; INT. TRADE ORGANIZATIONS
Introduction
The World Trade Organization (WTO/GATT)
The United Nations (UN) and UNCTAD
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Case study: economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe
Conclusions

3. CHAPTER 12; INT. TRADE ORGANIZATIONS
International Trade & the World Economy;  Charles van Marrewijk
CHAPTER 12; INT. TRADE ORGANIZATIONS
Introduction
The World Trade Organization (WTO/GATT)
The United Nations (UN) and UNCTAD
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Case study: economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe
Conclusions

4. Introduction Jan Tinbergen (1903-1994)
International Trade & the World Economy;  Charles van Marrewijk
Introduction
Jan Tinbergen ( )

5. CHAPTER 12; INT. TRADE ORGANIZATIONS
International Trade & the World Economy;  Charles van Marrewijk
CHAPTER 12; INT. TRADE ORGANIZATIONS
Introduction
The World Trade Organization (WTO/GATT)
The United Nations (UN) and UNCTAD
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Case study: economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe
Conclusions

6. The World Trade Organization (WTO/GATT)
International Trade & the World Economy;  Charles van Marrewijk
The World Trade Organization (WTO/GATT)
The international GATT agreement is based on three principles:
Non-discrimination; as expressed in two sub-principles
- Most Favored Nation (MFN) treatment
- National treatment of foreign products
Two main exceptions to the non-discrimination principle:
- Free trade areas and customs unions
- Developing countries
Reciprocity (exception: developing countries)
Prohibition on trade restriction other than tariffs (exception in case of balance-of-payments problems)

7. The World Trade Organization (WTO/GATT)
International Trade & the World Economy;  Charles van Marrewijk
The World Trade Organization (WTO/GATT)
Duration of GATT rounds and number of countries involved.

8. CHAPTER 12; INT. TRADE ORGANIZATIONS
International Trade & the World Economy;  Charles van Marrewijk
CHAPTER 12; INT. TRADE ORGANIZATIONS
Introduction
The World Trade Organization (WTO/GATT)
The United Nations (UN) and UNCTAD
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Case study: economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe
Conclusions

9. The United Nations (UN) and UNCTAD
International Trade & the World Economy;  Charles van Marrewijk
The United Nations (UN) and UNCTAD
UN established in 1945, deals with many issues (culture, human rights, security, etc.); for economics most important ECOSOC:
Programs and Funds; UNCTAD, UNDP, UNHCR, UNICEF, etc.
Functional Commissions; Social Development, Human Rights, etc.
Regional Commissions; ECA, ECE, ECLAC, ESCAP, etc.
Specialized (independent) Agencies; ILO, FAO, UNESCO, WHO, WorldBank, IMF.
UNCTAD established out of dissatisfaction with the role of developing countries in the world economy (Group of 77); publishes the World Investment Report.

10. CHAPTER 12; INT. TRADE ORGANIZATIONS
International Trade & the World Economy;  Charles van Marrewijk
CHAPTER 12; INT. TRADE ORGANIZATIONS
Introduction
The World Trade Organization (WTO/GATT)
The United Nations (UN) and UNCTAD
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Case study: economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe
Conclusions

11. Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development, OECD
International Trade & the World Economy;  Charles van Marrewijk
Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development, OECD

12. CHAPTER 12; INT. TRADE ORGANIZATIONS
International Trade & the World Economy;  Charles van Marrewijk
CHAPTER 12; INT. TRADE ORGANIZATIONS
Introduction
The World Trade Organization (WTO/GATT)
The United Nations (UN) and UNCTAD
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Case study: economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe
Conclusions

13. Case study: economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe
International Trade & the World Economy;  Charles van Marrewijk
Case study: economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe
Economic transition has different dimensions

14. Case study: economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe
International Trade & the World Economy;  Charles van Marrewijk
Case study: economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe

15. Case study: economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe
International Trade & the World Economy;  Charles van Marrewijk
Case study: economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe
GDP/capita (index, 1990 = 100)

16. CHAPTER 12; INT. TRADE ORGANIZATIONS
International Trade & the World Economy;  Charles van Marrewijk
CHAPTER 12; INT. TRADE ORGANIZATIONS
Introduction
The World Trade Organization (WTO/GATT)
The United Nations (UN) and UNCTAD
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Case study: economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe
Conclusions

17. OECD is organization of economically more advanced countries.
International Trade & the World Economy;  Charles van Marrewijk
Conclusions
GATT, replaced by WTO, deals most directly with international trade problems (GATT rounds to reduce trade barriers become more complicated, take longer and involve more countries over the years).
UN organizations affect all aspects of human life; UNCTAD focuses on problems of developing countries.
OECD is organization of economically more advanced countries.
Adjusting a country’s organizational and institutional framework is an enormous and time-consuming process, as illustrated by the Central and Eastern European countries.