1. Revolution Brings Reform and Terror
Chapter 7 Section 2

2. The Assembly Reforms France
August 4, 1789
The Great Fear is making everything chaotic and people are panicking
Feel like something must be done- meet the night of August 4 go all through the night
People make grand speeches, people crying, denounce all privileges.
“Patriotic drunkenness”- One upped each other on the amount they could give up
By the next morning the Old Regime is completely finished

3. The Assembly Reforms France
Rights of Man
August 26, Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen – Declaration of rights of man and citizen
Ideas of Enlightenment
Liberty, Egalite, Fraternité- Liberty, equality, fraternity is adopted as thier slogan

4. The Assembly Reforms France
A state controlled church
Took over church lands and made church officials be elected
Made them swear a loyalty oath- many refuse and are hunted down
Lands helped pay off France’s debt
Church becomes a place for political announcements
Many peasants are devout Catholics and were shocked by these reforms, thus no longer supported the Assembly
Separation of church and state

5. The Assembly Reforms France
Louis tries to escape
Mobs keep King and Queen in the city when they try to leave to visit their priest
Decide to flee the country and return at the head of the Austrian Army ( Marie’s Brother Emperor)
Writes a letter before he leaves saying he does not believe in any part of the Revolution even though he had taken an oath of loyalty
Thought that only Paris would be the problem
Family makes escape in costume, pretends to be someone else
Louis gets cocky ( talked to people, put up curtains in carriage, etc.)
Recognized by Drouet from bank note- rides to the next town
About 1,500 people from town stop them in Varennes and return them to Paris under guard

6. Divisions Develop
After 2 years of arguing finally make a new constitution in 1791
Limited constitutional monarchy
Legislative Assembly- New body created by the constitution, could create laws and approve or reject declarations of war.
King still had executive power to enforce laws

7. Divisions Develop Old problems still remain
Legislative assembly split into 3 groups.
1. Radicals- sat on the left side of the hall
Opposed the idea of Monarchy and wanted sweeping changes
2. Moderates- Sat in the center
Wanted some changes, but not like the radicals
3. Conservatives- Sat on the right
Wanted limited monarchy and few changes

8. Divisions Develop Factions outside the Legislative Assembly Emigres
Nobles and others who had fled France and wanted to restore the old Regime
Sans-Culottes
Parisian workers who wanted the Revolution to bring even bigger changes in France
“Without Knee breeches”

9. War and Execution
Europe looks on Horrified- Asks France to restore Louis
The Legislative Assembly Declares War in April 1792
By Summer of 1792 Prussian forces almost to Paris
Threaten to destroy Paris if Royal Family harmed
August 10 20,000 people invade the royal palace and imprison the royal family
September Rumors again make them fearful so they raid the prisons and kill over 1,000 people ( mainly nobles, priest, and royal sympathizers)

10. War and Execution
Radicals in the streets and among the Legislative Assembly pressure the Assembly into getting rid of the constitution
Declared the King disposed, new election of a new legislature
Made a new governing body called the National Convention
Elected by universal manhood suffrage
Took office on Sept. 21, 1792
Abolished monarchy, declared France a republic, all male citizens could hold office.

11. War and Execution Jacobins take control
Jacobins – the most powerful radical political organization during the French Revolution
Most people involved in the changes in 1792 were apart of this club
Under their control they reduce the King to commoner and tried him for treason
Find him guilty (by a very close vote) and sentence him to death
January 21, 1793 Louis executed by the Guillotine

12. War and Execution Fall 1792 tide turns to France’s advantage
Early 1793 Great Britain, Holland, and Spain all join in fight against France.
Jacobin Leaders force to have a draft
300,000 citizens between 18 and 40.
By 1794 army had grown to 800,000 and included women

13. The Terror Grips France
The new government of France has enemies from the inside as well as outside
Maximilien Robespierre
Radical leftist
Very popular in the Jacobin clubs- wrote great speeches, had the nick name “L’incorruptible”
Wanted to build a “republic of virtue”
New calendar( 10 day wk.), new religion(cult of the supreme being), vous form outlawed

14. The terror grips France
July 1793 Robespierre elected to committee of public safety
Next year he rules basically as a dictator- his reign is know as the Reign of Terror
Imposing a “single will” through political surveillance and violence
People tried in the morning and guillotined in the afternoon

15. The Terror Grips France
Saw fellow radicals who wanted to relax/ stop the terror as willing to compromise and therefore not virtuous
Tried to revolt and are all executed
Suspended laws in order to get a stable government
1500 people killed between June 10 and July 15, 1794
Up to 40,000 people died during the terror

16. End of the Terror
Eventually no one feels safe, so they turn on Robespierre
July 1794 they come for Robespierre
Tries to kill himself, but shoots his jaw off
Take him to Guillotine and he dies the same place as Louis
Backlash against the terror
Make a new government known as the directory
Bicameral legislator and 5 men executive body
Made up of moderates