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Overhead distribution
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Departmentalization P1 P2 P3
1 Process of dividing the factory into number of Segments Is called Departmentalization P1 P2 P3 S1 S1 Prod Departments Service Dept.
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Departmentalization P1 P2 P3
2 Process of allocating and apportioning POHEs to different departments or cost centers (Prod & Service ) Factory Overheads P1 P2 P3 S1 S1 Prod Departments Service Dept.
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Departmentalization P1 P2 P3 S1 S1 Service Dept. Factory Overheads
Allocation & Apportionment P1 P2 P3 S1 S1 Prod Departments Service Dept.
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Service Departments Stores Boiler House Canteen Transport Maintenance
Repair Department Maintenance Department Power House Fire Protection Canteen Purchase Tool Room Personnel Department Stores Boiler House Time-Keeping Transport
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Distribution of Overhead ALLOCATION APPORTIONMENT Specific Costs
Common Costs Specific Costs
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Distribution of Overhead ALLOCATION Allocating whole amount Of an item
of POHs to the department for which The expenditure was incurred Specific Costs
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Distribution of Overhead APPORTIONMENT Common costs are apportioned
Amongst different departments or cost centers on some basis Common Costs
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Principal Basis of Apportionment Of Overheads
Floor Area Capital Value Of Assets Number Of Employees Machine Hours Direct Labour Hours Light Points Kilowatt Hours Technical Analysis
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Floor Area Occupied Capital Value
BASIS FOR APPORTIONMENT Rent, Rates & Taxes, Lighting & Heating Insurance & depreciation of Building, Cost of repairs & maintenance of Building, Air Conditioning Floor Area Occupied Capital Value Insurance & Depreciation on Plant & Machinery, maintenance of PM, Insurance on building, etc
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No.Of Employees Machine Hours
BASIS FOR APPORTIONMENT No.Of Employees Welfare Expenses, time-Keeping ,pay-roll Office, Canteen, Recreation, Supervision Medical Expenses Machine Hours Repairs & Maintenance of Plant & Machinery
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Direct Labour Hrs BASIS FOR APPORTIONMENT Light Points Or
Work’s Manager’s Remuneration, Salary of Supervisors etc Light Points Or Kilowatt Hours Electricity Charges
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Technical Estimate Horse Power
BASIS FOR APPORTIONMENT Technical Estimate Where not possible to apportion on some Bases Technical estimate is made Horse Power Motive Power Expenses
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Store Keeping Expenses
BASIS FOR APPORTIONMENT Value or Weight of Materials Store Keeping Expenses Truck Mileage Tonnage Truck Hours No.Of Pakages Transport Service Expenses
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PRINCIPLES OF APPORTIONMENT
Utility or Service Principle Survey Method Ability To Pay Efficiency Principle
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PRINCIPLES OF APPORTIONMENT
Utility or Service Principle Service or Benefits received By the department
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Ability To Pay What the Traffic can bear Basis of Sales or Profit
PRINCIPLES OF APPORTIONMENT Ability To Pay What the Traffic can bear Basis of Sales or Profit
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Survey Method PRINCIPLES OF APPORTIONMENT
When Difficult to select Basis Production Manager’s Salary (Time spent in Each Dept)
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PRINCIPLES OF APPORTIONMENT
Out put as the basis Higher Production Low Overhead Rate Low Production High OH Rate Efficiency Principle
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Quick Check Identify the Basis for following Overheads Rent
Plant Repairs Power Depreciation of Building Building Repairs Insurance Of Building Fire Insurance of Stock Lighting Expenses Supervision ESI Employer’s Cont. to PF Amenities To Staff Canteen Gn. Overheads Floor Area Value of Plant Machine Hours/HP/VM Value Of Building Value Of Stock No.Of Light Points No.Of Employees Kilowatt/Value of Plant Direct Wages No.Of Employees/Wages
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Summary Of Departmental Overhead Distribution
Production Departments Total (Rs) Particulars Basis A B C D (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) Rent Area(15:11:9:5) , Plant Maintenance Value Of Mch. (4:3:2:1) , Depreciation Value Of Mch. (4:3:2:1) Lighting Area(15:11:9:5) Insurance Stock Value(5:3:2) , Employer's Cont to PF Wages (4:3:2:1) Energy Value Of Mch. (4:3:2:1) , Supervision No.Of Emp (6:4:3:2) , , Total , , , , ,095
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Summary Of Departmental Overhead Distribution
Production Dept. Total (Rs) SD Particulars Basis A B C D (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) Rent Area , ,750 2,750 2,250 1,250 Repairs To Plant Value Of Plant , ,400 1,800 1, Depreciation “ , ,800 1, Lighting Light Points , Supervision No Of Employees 15,000 6,000 4,500 3, ,500 Fire Insurance Value Of Stock ,000 2,500 1,500 1, Power Value Of Plant , ,600 2,700 1, ESI Wages , Total , ,500 15,27510, ,025
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Redistribution of Overheads
Reapportionment of Overheads Secondary Distribution Of Overheads
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JOIN KHALID AZIZ ACCOUNTING(FINANACIAL & COST) OF
ICMAP STAGE 1,2,3,4 (NEW CLASSES) CA..MODULE B,C,D PIPFA (FOUNDATION,INTERMEDIATE,FINAL) ACCA-F1,F2,F3 BBA,MBA B.COM(FRESH),M.COM MA-ECONOMICS..O/A LEVELS KHALID AZIZ…
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Service Department Cost Re-Apportionment
Production Departments Service Departments Carry out the central purposes of an organization. Provide support that facilitates the activities of production departments.
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The Need for Cost Re-Apportionment
First, we identify the factor that drives costs in the service department. This cost driver is used as the apportionment base. How are service department costs charged to operating departments?
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The Need for Cost Apportionment
Second, we measure the consumption of the apportionment base in the operating departments.
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The Need for Cost Apportionment
Third, we apportion the service department cost based on the relative amount of the apportionment base used in each operating department.
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The Need for Cost Apportionment
Apportioned service department costs become a part of the overhead in each operating department. What happens to service department costs after they are apportioned to operating departments?
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The Need for Cost Apportionment
First Stage Apportionment Service department costs are apportioned to operating departments. Service Department (Cafeteria) Operating Department (Machining) Service Department (Accounting) The Products Operating Department (Assembly) Service Department (Personnel)
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The Need for Cost Apportionment
Second Stage Apportionment Operating department overhead costs and apportioned service department costs are applied to products. Service Department (Cafeteria) Operating Department (Machining) Service Department (Accounting) The Products Operating Department (Assembly) Service Department (Personnel)
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Selecting Apportionment Bases
Personnel: Number of employees Criteria Custodial: Square footage Easiest Receiving: Units handled Cafeteria: Number of employees Accounting: Staff hours Security: Square footage Power: Kilowatt hours
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Re- apportionment Basis
No of Purchase Orders or value of Materials Purchased for each Production Department Purchase Department Value or Quantity of Materials Issued No. Of Materials Requisitions Stores
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Inspection Hrs. Devoted to each
Re- apportionment Basis Internal Transport Weight & Distance Inspection Hrs. Devoted to each Department inspection
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Re- apportionment Basis
Time Keeping, Security Canteen Welfare Recreation Medical Personnel Pay Roll Number Of Employees Total Labour Hours or Wages or Salaries
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Re- apportionment Basis
Maintenance Department Hrs. Devoted or Worked for Each Department No .Of Employees Factory Office
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Re- apportionment Basis
Building Service Deptt Relative Area Of Each Deptt % Of Steam Utilized Boiler House
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Interdepartmental Services
Problem Re Apportioning costs when service departments provide services to each other Solutions Direct Method Step method Reciprocal method
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Direct Method Service Department (Cafeteria) Operating Department
(Machining) Interactions between service departments are ignored and all costs are allocated directly to operating departments. Service Department (Custodial) Operating Department (Assembly)
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Direct Method Example
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Direct Method Example
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Direct Method Example Apportionment base: Number of employees
INR 360,000 × 20 = INR 144,000 Apportionment base: Number of employees
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Direct Method Example Apportionment base: Number of employees
INR 360,000 × 30 = INR 216,000 Apportionment base: Number of employees
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Direct Method Example = INR 30,000
25,000 25, ,000 = INR 30,000 Apportionment base: Square feet occupied
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Direct Method Example Apportionment base: Square feet occupied 50,000
25, ,000 INR 90,000 × = INR 60,000 Apportionment base: Square feet occupied
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Production Department
Overhead Analysis Sheet Items Basis Total (Rs.) Production Department Service Department P1 P2 P3 Office Workshop Indirect wages Indirect materials General overhead Amenities to staff Employer’s contribution to E.S.I. Power Depreciation Apportionment of workshop overhead Apportionment of office overhead Actual Direct wages (4:5:6) No.of employees (6:5:6:3:5) Direct Wages H.P. of machine X Machine hours worked (6:16:15:1) 15% of value of machinery Machine hours (2:4:3) 25,000 10,950 1,500 12,500 1,200 3,800 15,750 3,000 2,000 400 320 600 4,500 500 2,500 1,600 5,250 4,000 480 3,750 10,000 1,100 - 5,000 1,850 100 2,250 70,700 13,820 2,600 3,360 16,250 5,200 4,200 16,330 3,900 5,040 12,600 (-12,600 11,700 (-) 11,700 Allocated overhead Total 19,780 25,650 25,270
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Bharat Engineering Works Departmental
Overhead Distribution Statement (For 12 Months) Particulars of Expenses Basis of Distribution Total Rs. Production Deptts. Service Dept. A B C S Rent Power Indirect wages Depreciation of machinery Electricity Canteen expenses Direct wages Floor space (30:25:45:20) H.P. of machine (65:30:30:40) Direct Wages (12:14:18:8) Value of machine (50:60:80:10) Light points (7:7:9:5) No. of workers (2:3:6:2) Actual 36,000 8,250 5,200 22,000 5,600 6,500 8,000 9,000 3,250 1,200 5,500 1,400 1,000 --- 7,500 1,500 6,600 13,500 1,800 8,800 3,000 6,000 2,000 800 1,100 91,550 21,350 +5,970 19,900 +3,980 30,400 +9,950 -19,900 Re-distribution of expenses of service department to the production departments on the basis of service rendered 30%: 20%:50% Allocated overhead total (A) Effective labour hours (see workings) (No. of worker x working hours) (B) 27,320 23,880 40,350 Nil 3,200 4,800 9,600 Labour hour rate (A ÷ B) 8.5375 4.975 4.203
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Step Method Service Department (Cafeteria) Operating Department
(Machining) Once a service department’s costs are apportioned, other service department costs are not allocated back to it. Service Department (Custodial) Operating Department (Assembly)
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Step Method Service Department (Cafeteria) Operating Department
(Machining) Custodial will have a new total to Apportion to operating departments; its own costs plus those costs allocated from the cafeteria. Service Department (Custodial) Operating Department (Assembly)
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Step Method Identify the SD which renders service to larger No’s of other Deptts 2 Distribute its Costs to other Deptts , Including service Department 3 Identify the next service Department. Which renders service to the next largest No’s 4 Continue the process till Amount is Exhausted 5 If all SD renders service to = No of Departments. Than cost of SD with largest amount be taken first
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JOIN KHALID AZIZ ACCOUNTING(FINANACIAL & COST) OF
ICMAP STAGE 1,2,3,4 (NEW CLASSES) CA..MODULE B,C,D PIPFA (FOUNDATION,INTERMEDIATE,FINAL) ACCA-F1,F2,F3 BBA,MBA B.COM(FRESH),M.COM MA-ECONOMICS..O/A LEVELS KHALID AZIZ…
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Step Method Example We will use the same data used in the direct method example.
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Step Method Example Apportion Cafeteria costs first since it provides more service than Custodial.
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Step Method Example Apportionment base: Number of employees
INR 360,000 × 10 = INR 60,000 Apportionment base: Number of employees
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Step Method Example Apportionment base: Number of employees 20
INR 360,000 × 20 = INR 120,000 Apportionment base: Number of employees
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Step Method Example Apportionment base: Number of employees 30
INR 360,000 × 30 = INR 180,000 Apportionment base: Number of employees
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Step Method Example New total = INR 90,000 original custodial cost plus INR 60,000 apportioned from the cafeteria.
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Step Method Example Apportionment base: Square feet occupied 25,000
INR 150,000 × 25,000 25, ,000 = INR 50,000 Apportionment base: Square feet occupied
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Step Method Example Apportionment base: Square feet occupied
INR 150,000 × 50,000 25, ,000 = INR 100,000 Apportionment base: Square feet occupied
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Comparison of Methods
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SECONDARY OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION SUMMARY
Particulars Total Rs. Base Service Departments (Rs.) Production Departments P Q R S X Y Z Factory overhead Add : Service Dept.costs 5,95,000 Given No. of Employees (50:40:50: 100:125:85) DLHs Rs.80,000 in (6:3:4:3:4) Area (Rs.1,33,000 in (10:30:15: 15) DLHs (Rs.66,000 in 4:3:4) 45,000 -45,000 75,000 5,000 -80,000 1,05,000 4,000 24,000 -1,33,000 30,000 12,000 19,000 -66,000 1,93,000 10,000 16,000 57,000 64,000 12,500 28,500 18,000 83,000 8,500 Total OHEs of prod.depts 3,00,000 1,35,000 1,60,000
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Reciprocal Services Method
Service Department (Cafeteria) Operating Department (Machining) Interdepartmental services are given full recognition rather than partial recognition as with the step method. Service Department (Custodial) Operating Department (Assembly) Because of its mathematical complexity, the reciprocal method is rarely used.
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Trial & Error Method Repeated Distribution Method
Reciprocal Services Methods Trial & Error Method Repeated Distribution Method Algebraic Simultaneous Equation Method
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Reciprocal Services Methods
Trial & Error Method Cost Of one Service Dept (Say A ) is apportioned To another Service Dept (Say B) based on service rendered The cost of another dept (B) plus its share In the cost of first service department (A) Is again apportioned to first service department The amount so apportioned to A will again be apportioned to the service department B The process continues till amount becomes negligible
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Total Calculation Of Total Costs Of Service Departments X Y Charge
Service Departments (Rs) X Y Total Exp as per Primary Distribution , ,000 Charge 10% 0f Rs 23,400 (X) to Y ,340 20% of Rs.32,340 (Y) to X ,468 10% of Rs.6,468 (X) to Y 20% of Rs.647 (Y) to X 10% of Rs.129 (X) to Y 20% of Rs.12 (Y) to X (Since Rs.3 to be apportioned is very small distribution process is stopped ) Total 30, ,000
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Secondary Overhead Distribution Summary
Particulars Production Departments (Rs.) Total Rs. A B C Total expenses as per primary overhead distribution summary Add Service Dept. Costs : X : Rs.30,000 at 20%, 40% & 30% to A,B, and C Y : Rs.33,000 at 40%, 20% & 20% to A, B & C 80,000 6,000 13,200 70,000 12,000 6,600 50,000 9,000 2,00,000 27,000 26,400 Total 99,200 88,600 65,600 2,53,400
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Repeated Distribution Method
Reciprocal Services Methods Repeated Distribution Method 1 Distribute the cost of a service Dept . to the Production and service department Using the percentage 2 Apportion the cost of 2nd service department (Aggregate) to production and other service department as per % given 3 Use the same procedure with other service departments till the cost of service departments become negligible
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Question A factory is having 3 prod . Departments A,B & C, and 2 service Departments Boiler House and Pump Room. The boiler house was to depend upon the pump Room for supply of water and in turn , depends upon the boiler house for supply of steam power for driving the pump The expenses incurred by the production department during the period are: A Rs 8,00,000,B Rs 7,00,000 And C Rs 5,00,000.The expenses of Boiler house are Rs 2,34,000 and the Pump House Rs 3,00,000.The expenses of Boiler House and Pump house are Apportioned to the prod. departments on the following basis A B C BH PR Expenses Of Boiler House % % % % Expenses Of Pump Room % % % %
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Secondary Overhead Distribution Summary
Prod Departments (Rs) Service Dept (Rs) Particulars Total Rs Basis A B C Boiler Pump P Distribution 25,34, given 8,00, ,00, ,00, ,34, ,00,000 Add Service Dept. Costs Boiler House :40:30: , , , ,34, ,400 Pump Room :20:20:20 1,29, , , , ,23,400 Boiler House :40:30: , , , , ,468 Pump Room :20:20: , , , , ,468 Boiler House ::40:30: Pump House :20:30: Boiler House :40:20: Pump House :20:20: Total 25,34, ,92,000 8,86,000 6,56,
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Reciprocal Services Methods
Algebraic Simultaneous Equation Method Total Costs of Service Departments are Expressed in algebraic equation Equations are developed on the basis of Primary distribution & % of service rendered to each other Total Costs of Service Departments can Be calculated by solving EQUATIONS
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Algebraic Equation X= OHE’s + % of Y Y= OHE’s + % of X
Service Department OHE’S can be apportioned M N P R S R % 30% 40% % S % 40% 10% 20% -
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Quick Check Data The direct method of Apportionment is used.
Allocation bases: Business school administration costs (ADMIN): Number of employees Business administration computer services (BACS): Number of personal computers
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Quick Check How much cost will be apportioned from Administration to Accounting? a. INR 36,000 b. INR144,000 c. INR180,000 d. INR 27,000
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Quick Check How much cost will be apportioned from Administration to Accounting? a. INR 36,000 b. INR144,000 c. INR180,000 d. INR 27,000 INR180,000X 20 = INR 36,000
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Quick Check How much total cost will be apportioned from ADMIN and BACS combined to the Accounting Department? a. INR 52,500 b. INR135,000 c. INR 270,000 d. INR 49,500
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Quick Check How much total cost will be apportioned from ADMIN and BACS combined to the Accounting Department? a. INR 52,500 b. INR 135,000 c. INR 270,000 d. INR 49,500 INR 90,000 × 18 = INR 13,500
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Quick Check Data The step method of apportionment is used.
Apportionment bases: Business school administration costs (ADMIN): Number of employees Business administration computer services (BACS): Number of personal computers
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Quick Check How much total cost will be apportioned from ADMIN and BACS combined to the Accounting Department? a. INR 35,250 b. INR 49,072 c. INR 18,000 d. INR 26,333
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Quick Check How much total cost will be apportioned from ADMIN and BACS combined to the Accounting Department? a. INR 35,250 b. INR 49,072 c. INR 18,000 d. INR 26,333
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Overhead Appropriation Few Questions
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4. SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION SUMMARY
Cost of service department Basis of apportionment Total Rs. Production Department P1 P2 P3 primary distribution Canteen Power house (light) Power house (power) Stores Time keeping & accounts Repair shop --- No. of employee (6:5:4) No. of light points (3:4:5) House Power (3:2:3) No. of requisitions (4:3:5) Value of assets (2:3:4) 63,000 1,500 1,200 4,000 3,600 3,000 4,500 20,000 600 300 1,000 18,000 500 400 900 25,000 800 2,000 Allocated overhead Total 80,800 25,800 23,300 31,700
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Production Department
1. Overhead Analysis Sheet Items Basis Total (Rs.) Production Department Service Department P1 P2 P3 Office Workshop Indirect wages Indirect materials General overhead Amenities to staff Employer’s contribution to E.S.I. Power Depreciation Apportionment of workshop overhead Apportionment of office overhead Actual Direct wages (4:5:6) No.of employees (6:5:6:3:5) Direct Wages H.P. of machine X Machine hours worked (6:16:15:1) 15% of value of machinery Machine hours (2:4:3) 25,000 10,950 1,500 12,500 1,200 3,800 15,750 3,000 2,000 400 320 600 4,500 500 2,500 1,600 5,250 4,000 480 3,750 10,000 1,100 - 5,000 1,850 100 2,250 70,700 13,820 2,600 3,360 16,250 5,200 4,200 16,330 3,900 5,040 12,600 (-) 12,600 11,700 (-) 11,700 Allocated overhead Total 19,780 25,650 25,270
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Overhead rate per working hour [(A) ÷(B)]
2. OVERHEAD ANALYSIS SHEET Items Basis Total (Rs.) Production Deptt .(Rs) Service Deptt( Rs). P1 P2 P3 S1 S2 Rent and rates General lighting Indirect wages Power Depreciation Direct wages Indirect materials Apportionment of Service Departments Overhead Floor space (4:5:6:4:1) Light points (2:3:4:2:1) (600:400:600:300:39) H.P. of Machine (6:5:5:1) Value of machines (12:16:20:1:1) Actual (3:2:3) Given (2:3:5) Total (A) Working hours (B) 5,000 600 1,939 1,500 10,000 1,695 966 1,000 100 2,400 - 300 1,250 150 400 3,200 200 500 4,000 250 50 39 195 266 21,700 1,200 5,500 800 7,000 (-) 3,200 (-) 1,000 6,400 2,560 6,600 3,000 8,700 Nil Overhead rate per working hour [(A) ÷(B)] 2.50 2.20 5.80
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( Rs) COST OF PRODUCT – X Direct material Direct Labour Prime Cost
Factory Overhead : P1 : 4 x 2.50 P2 : 5 x 2.20 P3 : 3 x 5.80 Cost of Product X 10.00 11.00 17.40 50.00 30.00 80.00 38.40 118.40 ( Rs)
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3. SECONDARY OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION SUMMARY
Particulars Total Rs. Base Service Departments (Rs.) Production Departments P Q R S X Y Z Factory overhead Add : Service Dept.costs 5,95,000 Given No. of Employees (50:40:50: 100:125:85) DLHs Rs.80,000 in (6:3:4:3:4) Area (Rs.1,33,000 in (10:30:15: 15) DLHs (Rs.66,000 in 4:3:4) 45,000 -45,000 75,000 5,000 -80,000 1,05,000 4,000 24,000 -1,33,000 30,000 12,000 19,000 -66,000 1,93,000 10,000 16,000 57,000 64,000 12,500 28,500 18,000 83,000 8,500 Total OHEs of prod.depts 3,00,000 1,35,000 1,60,000
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5. OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Particulars of Expenses Basis of Apportionment Total Rs. Production Deptts. Service Deptts. X Y A B Depreciation Rent, Rates & Taxes Power Ins.on assets Canteen exp. Electricity Direct wages Direct material Assets value (10:5:3:1) Floor space (5:4:1:2) H.P. of machine (10:5:4:1) No. of workers (100:50:50:25) Light points (25:15;10:10) Actual 38,000 18,000 12,500 9,500 5,400 3,600 8,000 4,000 20,000 7,500 6,250 5,000 2,400 1,500 --- 10,000 6,000 3,125 2,500 1,200 900 600 2,000 3,000 625 500 3000 99,000 42,650 +11,150 23,725 +7,433 22,300 -22,300 10,325 +3,717 Re-distribution of expenses of Deptt. A among X, Y and B in ratio 3:2:1 Re-distribution of expenses of Dept. B between X and Y equally 53,800 +7,021 31,158 Nil 14,042 -14,042 Allocated overhead 60,821 38,179
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7. STATEMENT SHOWING OVERHEAD EXPENSES OF PRODUCTION
DEPARTMENTS A AND B Particulars of Expenses Basis of Apportionment Total Rs. Production Deptts. Service Deptts. A B C D Direct material Direct labour Depreciation Rent,Rates & Tax Insurance Power Canteen exp. Electricity Actual Value of Assets (10:5:3:1) Floor space (5:4:1:2) H.P. of machine (10:5:4:1) No. of workers (100:50:50:25) Light points (25:15;10:10) 5,000 15,000 95,000 18,000 7,600 10,000 5,400 2,400 --- 50,000 7,500 4,000 1,000 25,000 6,000 2,000 2,500 1,200 600 3,000 1,500 400 500 1,58,400 69,900 37,300 34,300 16,900 Re-distribution of expenses of service department ‘C’ Rs. 12,000 to D and balance of Rs. 22,300 to A:B= 3:2 Re-distribution of expenses of service Department “D” to A:B = 9:1 +13,380 +8,920 (-) 34,300 +12,000 83,280 26,010 46,220 2,890 Nil 28,900 (-)28,900 Allocated overhead total 1,09,290 49,110
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thanks
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ATTENTION COMMERCE STUDENTS
ACCOUNTING(FINANACIAL & COST) OF ICMAP STAGE 1,2,3,4 (NEW CLASSES) CA..MODULE B,C,D PIPFA (FOUNDATION,INTERMEDIATE,FINAL) ACCA-F1,F2,F3 BBA,MBA B.COM(FRESH),M.COM MA-ECONOMICS..O/A LEVELS KHALID AZIZ…
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