1. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Activity and Data Modeling in Perspective Dennis E. Wisnosky Wizdom Systems, Inc. 630.357.3000 Dwiz@wizdom.com OV-5 and OV-7

2. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 IDEF Created in the late ‘70s IDEF stands for Integrated DEFinition Language. Provides a common, public-domain language for modeling and describing: –Processes –Data –Requirements –Functions Has been used to improve hundreds of enterprises IDEF is a standard modeling technique for all US Government agencies, and many private companies.

3. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Materials Corporate Policies Corporate Resources Products Vision Mission Culture Customer Where do the pieces fit? How do the pieces fit?

4. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Models

5. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Effective Engineering Requires a Blueprint Models are a basic necessity for building everything from houses to cars; marketing plans to financial forecasts. Modeling gives you a clear picture of the current situation, as well as a plan for the future. A model helps concepts evolve to plans and prototypes. Modeling a structure or solution is especially worthwhile when implementation goals are obvious and important.

6. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 And a Structured Approach to Enterprise Engineering, to Knowledge Management, to Workflow ………. Blueprints become the Change Management Architecture

7. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Analyze Time, Cost and Quality Simulate Changes Create A Vision of Change Develop Prototypes and Implement Change Strategically Target Projects for Improvement Activity Models are a Mandatory Operational View Model the Activities

8. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 IDEF is tool for...... describing...managing...and improving complex processes and systems To do this, we need a common framework for visualizing the processes and the systems they support, and a methodology for representing both.

9. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 A process is any set of managed,predictable behaviors. Rapid Growth Opportunity Innovation Rationalization Competition Consolidation Involution Frustration Business Process Lifecycle

10. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Process Management The goal of process management is to minimize costs through: Rationalization, Consolidation, Involution, and to maximize the benefits of innovation, growth, and change.

11. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Every Endeavor of Man and Beast has a Natural Process Analysis Specification Design Construction/ Integration Installation Operation Evolution Entropy/ Maladaption Engineering Process Lifecycle

12. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 What are the Processes Doing? The goal is to improve the management of both tangible and intangible assets according to a long-range plan while achieving continuous improvement. Since assets are all that an organization (and men and women) have, this is all that the goal can be.

13. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Asset Management Challenge

14. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Asset Management Challenge

15. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Asset Management Challenge Heading AltitudeAirspeed

16. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Pooch Management

17. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Asset Management Heading Altitude Airspeed

18. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 IDEF (0 and 1X) Is the unified modeling methodology that embraces management and user concerns in systems and process management.

19. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Activity Models Data Models Activity models are graphic representations of functions and processes. Are hierarchical Decomposed to the needed level of detail. Track inputs, controls, mechanism, and outputs. IDEF0 Data models define the information requirements of the process. Used for building computer applications, databases, and repositories. Track flow of information through functional areas. IDEF1x

20. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 IDEF Model Integration IDEF0 Process Model Process I1 I2 C1 M1 C2 O2 O1 IDEF1X EAR Model PKEY 1 ATTR 1 ATTR 2 ATTRn I2 PKEY 1 PKEY 2 ATTR6 ATTR7 ATTRm O2 IDEF1X ER Data Model I1 I2 O1 O2 C1 C2

21. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Varieties of Models Models come in many shapes and sizes: – Process Vs Data models – Text Vs Graphic-based models – High- Vs Low-level models – Flat Vs Hierarchic models – Degree of rigor in the modeling methodology – Representation of additional detail: timing, data states, business rules...

22. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Model Vs Reality Models represent reality in a form that can be easily controlled, evaluated, and manipulated. Complex, poorly understood processes become manageable when broken down into their component parts. Models can be used for analysis of the simplest processes; or the most complex systems with lifecycle costs in the millions of dollars

23. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Activity Modeling links the organization to its strategic goals. Simplification of Value-Added Activities Consolidation of Value-Added Activities Elimination of activities that do not add value Automated support only after basic business processes are efficient and effective. Provides the basis for analysis and continuous improvement.

24. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Levels of Analysis Strategic overview-- examination of the corporation as a whole, focusing on mission and long range goals and objectives. Mid-level analysis of management, culture, and organizations. Detailed look at individual processes. All analyses are done in terms of time, cost, and quality

25. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Process Analysis IDEF models gather the data for analysis: Cost: Activity-based costing, functional economic analysis Time: Timeline, cycle time, run time, turn-around times, sequence, hierarchy, dependencies. Quality: Quality metrics, comparisons between past, present, and future, TQM, CQI. Redundant, over-lapping, non-value- added processes become apparent while building the model.

26. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Levels of Integrated Analysis Strategic Overview Logical Models of Data and Processes Program Structure/ Core Activities Systems Functions/ Specific Processes System Process

27. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 IDEF Methodology Components IDEF0 - Function and process modeling Answers the question - WHAT DO I DO? IDEF1X - Entity-Attribute-Relationship data modeling- Answers the question - WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW TO DO WHAT I DO? –IDEF2 - Process simulation modeling Answers the question - WHEN DO I NEED TO KNOW WHAT I NEED TO KNOW, TO DO WHAT I DO?

28. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Benefits IDEF0 reveals redundant and non-value- added processes. IDEF0 documents the AS-IS-- the processes, the relationships between them, and the logical breakdown of those functions into their sub-processes and properties for baseline evaluation and further analysis. IDEF0 begins the road map from the AS-IS to the TO-BE.

29. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Benefits (continued) IDEF0 provides a means for communicating and presenting results. IDEF0 establishes a forum and a structure for data gathering and knowledge acquisition. IDEF0 identifies opportunities for improvements. IDEF0 reveals data relationships and incongruities. IDEF0 identifies and categorizes information entities which form the foundation for information modeling (IDEF1x).

30. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 IDEF is not a substitute for...  thinking...  intelligence...  or experience,  But it can expose their absence.

31. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 This concludes Activity and Data Modeling in Perspective

32. DoD FEAC 1 www.feacinstitute.org 202-546-7927 Now we can begin the important work!