2. Agenda Company profile Global Glass Manufacturer
Float Glass Manufacturing Process
Locally Produced Products
How to Choose Glass
Heat Flows in Malaysia
Why Low E?
Technical Information
Product Range
- Pilkington Optifloat™
- Pilkington Specialty Glass
- Pilkington Coated Glass
Performance Data

3. Company Profile 1971 – MSG Established
2004 – Wholly owned by Nippon Sheet Glass (NSG)
June 2006 – Acquisition of Pilkington by NSG

4. Global Glass Manufacturer

5. FLOAT GLASS MANUFACTURING PROCESS

6. Glass Manufacturing: Raw Materials
Silica Sand, Soda Ash, Felspar, Dolomite, Cullet

7. Raw Material Source DOLOMITE SODA ASH CHINA CARBON SALT CAKE
SILICA SAND
FELSPAR
DOLOMITE
SODA ASH
CHINA AND USA
CARBON
JAPAN
SALT CAKE
CHINA

8. Float Glass Manufacturing Process
ROYAL CUSTOM TRAINING MODULE
Float Glass Manufacturing Process
Mixing at Batch Plant
Delivery
Melting at Furnace
Forming at Bath
Refining at Furnace
Annealing at Lehr
Washing, drying and defects analysis
Cutting and inspection
Production and packing 8 17 8

9. Glass Manufacturing: Furnace Interior

10. Glass Manufacturing: Tin Bath (Float)

11. Glass Manufacturing: Finished Ribbon
Washing, Cutting, Checking, Stacking

12. Pilkington Optifloat™ Clear Glass
Available from 4mm ~ 19mm thick 12

13. Pilkington Optifloat™ Clear Glass
Features & Benefits
Maximizes daylight transmittance
Wide range of thicknesses
High clarity
Flat surface

14. Pilkington Optifloat™ Tinted
Green
Emerald Green
Blue
Bronze
Dark Grey
Arctic Blue 14

15. Pilkington Arctic Blue™ & Emerald Green™ High Performance Tint
Provides both lower shading coefficient and good daylight transmittance compared to regular tints
Low exterior reflectance
Low UV transmittance
Excellent performance when combined with Low-E for reduced heat gain
All these are produced & available in Malaysia 15

16. Pilkington Optifloat™ Tinted
Features & Benefits
Good solar control
Reduces cooling loads
Low external & internal reflectance

17. Reflite™ Reflective Glass
New coating facility in Malaysia
Features & Benefits
Medium solar control (low SHGC)
Low Shading coefficient (SC)
Subtle Reflectivity - privacy
Pyrolytic coating (hard coat)
Easy to handle
Good glare control
Air conditioning costs reduced 17

18. Pilkington Texture™ Pilkington Nashiji™ Clear
Pilkington Mistlite™ Clear
Pilkington Karatachi™ Dark Grey

19. Pilkington Texture™ Features & Benefits Decorative Privacy
Diffused daylight
High light transmittance

20. Benefits of Using Local Glass
Complies with local & International Standards
Stock availability
Quick replacements
Prompt technical support
Survival of local industries
Reduced carbon footprints

21. VARIABLES
The many window innovations available today require a designer to make selections in at least 16 different variables

22. 1. GLASS THICKNESS
2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 19 mm 10

23. 2. TINTS:
Low-Iron Clear, Clear, Green, Blue-Green, Blue, Bronze, Light Grey, Grey, Dark Grey 9 90

24. 900 3. COATINGS: Visible Absorbing Visible Reflective
Visible Color (Gold)
Low Emittance
Solar Absorbing
Solar Reflective
Solar Transmitting
Self-Cleaning
Anti-Reflective
Other (UV Block, Anti-Graffiti)
900

25. 4. HOW MANY LIGHTS?
Single Glazing Double Glazing Triple Glazing Add-On Panels
3,600

26. 5. IG SPACER
Aluminum,
Partly Insulating,
‘Warm Edge’ 3
10,800

27. 6. Gas Fill
Air,
Argon,
Krypton 3
32,400

28. 7. GLASS STRENGTH
Annealed,
Heat Strengthened,
Tempered
97,200

29. 777,600 8. IMPACT RESISTANCE Laminated 0.015” pvb Laminated 0.030” pvb
Colour interlayer
Impact Resistant Interlayer
Acoustic Insulating Interlayer
CIP (Cast in Place Epoxy Laminate) 8
777,600

30. 1,555,200 9. LAMINATION ORIENTATION Coated plies:
Coating to air side OR
Coating against interlayer (pvb etc.)
n.b. Low-E coatings touching the
interlayer lose their low-e property
because glass is opaque to Far IR! 2
1,555,200

31. 7,776,000 10. FIRE RESISTANCE: Wired Glass, Intumescent Laminates -
20, 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes Fire Rating 5
7,776,000

32. 11. ELECTROCHROMIC:
Switch between High & Low SHGC. Switch between Transparent & Translucent
15,552,000

33. 46,656,000 12. ELECTROMAGNETIC SHIELDING:
Prevent electronic data escaping. Prevent interference entering.
Different db shielding levels
46,656,000

34. 13. ORIENTATION OF OUTER LIGHT2
93,312,000

35. ORIENTATION OF INNER LIGHT2
186,624,000

36. 373,248,000 2 ORIENTATION OF IGU Everyone should use hand-held coating
detector meters 2
373,248,000

37. That makes about millions different combinations. ONE is the best
That makes about millions different combinations! ONE is the best. All others are likely less than best.
HOW DO YOU CHOOSE?

38. CONCLUSIONS
Glazing choices are many and varied
IG gas fills and some coatings (4 at least) are invisible
You cannot see by eye: U-Factor or SHGC
There are tools, codes, standards and certification programs available
Which bring us to low e, energy savings, and green issues….

39. Glass for Malaysia How do you choose? Performance issues
Look of the building
Energy Savings
Green initiatives
Many, many factors

40. TECHNICAL INFORMATION40

41. The 4 Energy/Heat Flows Remember: Heat Flows from Hot to Cold3%
47%
UV Visible
Solar IR
Far IR
There are 4 distinct and separate heat flow elements. Note that 3 of them are generated by the sun, and only one of them is visible.
Invisible Far Infra Red (IR) energy is generated by any warm (room temperature) body, even the moon!
Tinted glass which has absorbed visible sunlight plus short wave Solar IR, then tries to lose its heat by radiating far IR.
50%

42. Heat Flows from HOT to COLD Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Typical Transmission and Reflection chart showing what happens to each of the 4 energy groups when they shine on a light of Energy Advantage Low-E glass.
Note: the addition of the energy Transmitted plus Reflected plus Absorbed must always add up to 100% at every wavelength.

43. U-Factor measures the rate of heat transfer from warm air side to cool air side. Watts/sq.m.degC
Far IR Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Typical Transmission and Reflection chart showing what happens to each of the 4 energy groups when they shine on a light of Solar E glass.
Note: the addition of the energy Transmitted plus Reflected plus Absorbed must always add up to 100% at every wavelength.

44. SHGC Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
% of Sun’s heat striking a window that enters a room (by conduction + convection + radiation)
Far IR Radiation
Solar IR Radiation
UV energy is seldom wanted. The amount transmitted can be reduced by an appropriate glass choice.
Visible energy turns into heat when it is absorbed in a room. It represents almost half the sun’s heat. Note: large dark glass windows will still transmit enough light for good vision.
Solar IR heat energy is valuable in a cold climate e.g. Canada, and Northern China. Solar IR can be blocked by Reflection (soft, sputter coat Low-E), or by Absorption (hard coat pyrolytic Solar E, or tinted glass with Low-E).
Far IR energy comes from warm objects. It can be
controlled by using Low-E to either Reflect it, or not emit it.
Convection

45. Shading Coefficient
% of Sun’s heat striking a window that enters a room (by conduction + convection + radiation)
Compared to
% of Sun’s heat striking a 3 mm Clear Glass window that enters a room (by conduction + convection + radiation)
SHGC ~ 0.87 x Shading Coefficient
Shading Coefficient is a Poor # to use…Why? Whose 3mm glass? Why not 6mm? SHGC is a pure formula and preferred.
Very roughly, during a hot South China 24 hour day, a square building with glass on all 4 sides, will admit about twice as much heat through the glass by Solar Radiation (SHGC) as by Conduction (U-Factor) from the hot air and ground outside.
Therefore low SHGC and low U-Factors are both needed.
Single Glazed Clear Glass, with a SHGC of 0.87 can be reduced by a factor of 6 using SuperGrey with Energy Advantage Low-E to SHGC = 0.15.
Similarly the U-Factor of 5.7 for Single Glazed can be reduced by a factor of 4 to 1.5 using Double Glazed with Energy Advantage Low-E and Argon.
The glass, and coatings, exist to offer major controls of unwanted heat gains in China.
Low emissivity coatings lower both SHGC and U-Factor.

46. About half as much enters over a 24 hour
Heat enters when the sun shines through the glass: SHGC (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient) or SF or S/C
About half as much enters over a 24 hour
day by conduction (U-Factor, or K factor) for 15 °C difference (40 °C outside, 25 °C inside)
Adding Low Emissivity always helps because it lowers SHGC and it lowers U-Factor
Very roughly, during a hot South China 24 hour day, a square building with glass on all 4 sides, will admit about twice as much heat through the glass by Solar Radiation (SHGC) as by Conduction (U-Factor) from the hot air and ground outside.
Therefore low SHGC and low U-Factors are both needed.
Single Glazed Clear Glass, with a SHGC of 0.87 can be reduced by a factor of 6 using SuperGrey with Energy Advantage Low-E to SHGC = 0.15.
Similarly the U-Factor of 5.7 for Single Glazed can be reduced by a factor of 4 to 1.5 using Double Glazed with Energy Advantage Low-E and Argon.
The glass, and coatings, exist to offer major controls of unwanted heat gains in China.
Low emissivity coatings lower both SHGC and U-Factor.

47. Three Numbers are needed:
Tdw for fading control. (Free from LBNL Windows to 0. Lower means less fading. )
SHGC for Solar Control (or SF or Shading Coefficient x Lower value means less solar heat gained inside the building from sun shining on the window)
U-Factor for thermal control (or U-Value, K Factor. Conversion: 1Btu/hr.sq.ft.°F = 5.68 Watt/sq.m.°K Lower value means less heat flow by conduction from warm to cold)
If fading control is important find out the Tdw value. See also ATS Bulletin # 141 on Fading.
SHGC is the number that needs to be low, only if the sun can shine directly on the glass.
U-Factor needs to be low always.

48. WHAT TO DO:
Select Glass for appearance, daylight transmission, color, reflectivity, etc.
Add a Low Emissivity property, and add a light of glass, for better Solar control if a solar absorbing layer is present.
For better Thermal control add Low-E, and add a light of glass (double glazing)
Select the glass tint and reflectivity by eye, for appearance.
Refer to the SHGC and U-Factor values to determine the effectiveness of controlling unwanted heat gains.
Remember, adding Low-E will always help lower SHGC and U-Factor.

49. Glass, Light, & Heat Glass Energy is Either:
The Flow of Visible and Invisible (Infrared) Energy from the Sun.
Energy is Either:
Transmitted
Glass
Absorbed
Reflected

50. Typical Glass Energy Characteristics
3mm monolithic CLEAR 8%
100%
6% Reflected Out
7% Absorbed (Emitted Out)
Total Rejected 13%
86% Transmitted In
1% Absorbed (Emitted In )
87% Total Admitted
OUTDOOR
INDOOR

51. Solar Spectrum Terms Visible Light Transmittance Infrared (IR)
Percent of light in the visible spectrum transmitted through the glass Wavelength range of ~ nanometers
Infrared (IR)
Has a penetrating heat effect when radiated onto a transparent material. Short-wave IR converts to heat when absorbed by an object Wavelength of ~ nm
Ultraviolet (UV)
Invisible to the human eye. Partially responsible for fading fabric materials over time, etc.Wavelength of ~ nm

52. Architectural Glass Selection
Appearance vs. Performance
Clear
Tinted
Reflective
Match Materials
Complement Site
Comfort Level
Glare
Fading
Self-Cleaning

53. Outboard Inboard (1” I.G.)
Fabrication Products
Heat Treated - Heat Strengthened - Tempered
Laminated
Insulated
Spandrel 1 2 3 4
¼” Eclipse Advantage EverGreen, coating on #2 surface
¼” Energy Advantage Low-E, coating on #3 surface
Outboard Inboard (1” I.G.)

54. High Performance Tints
Dark Grey™
Arctic Blue™
Emerald Green™ 54

55. “Hard Coat” “Soft Coat” Coating Processes Pyrolitic Coating
Sputter Coating
VS.

56. Chemical Vapor Deposition
Pyrolytic Process
Chemical Vapor Deposition
Durable
Temperable
Bendable
Fabrication friendly

57. Batch Sputtering Process
Soft Coat Process
Batch Sputtering Process

58. Coating Processes Sputtered (“Soft Coat”) Pyrolytic (“Hard Coat”)
Produced off-line
Enhanced performance
Limited shelf life
Wide range of products
Project driven
Pyrolytic (“Hard Coat”)
Produced on-line
Enhanced performance
Post-temperable
Unlimited shelf life
Select product range
Inventoried

59. PILKINGTON COATED GLASS
(Energy Efficient ) 59

60. Pilkington Energy Advantage™, Solar-E™ & Eclipse Advantage™
Low-E Glass
Pilkington Energy Advantage™,
Solar-E™ & Eclipse Advantage™ 60

61. How Low-E Coating Works
Low-E coating redirect radiant heat (long wave radiation) back toward the source
Heat moves from
HOT
COLD
In the Winter heat from the inside flows OUT
In the Summer heat from the outside flows IN 61

62. Low Emissivity = Low U-Value
In Winter, inside heat flows Out
In Summer, heat from the outside flows In 62

63. Energy Advantage™ Low E
High Solar Heat Gain
Low Thermal Loss 63

64. Solar and Thermal control in a single pyrolytic surface
Solar-E™ Low-E
Solar and Thermal control in a single pyrolytic surface 64

65. Solar-E™ Low-E
Low Solar Heat Gain
Low Thermal Gain 65

66. Eclipse Advantage™ Architectural Community asked for: Color options
Higher Visible Light Transmittance (more natural light)
Color options
Excellent Solar and Thermal control characteristics
Reduced Glare
Providing an element of privacy for occupants
Readily available (inventoried locally, short lead times)

67. Eclipse Advantage™ Next generation coating technology by Pilkington:
Combines multiple attributes into single coating:
High visible light transmittance
Excellent solar control (low SHGC)
Good thermal control (low U-value)
Subtle Reflectivity
Pyrolytic coating (hard coat)

68. Eclipse Advantage™ Reflective Low-E
Solar Control (vs. Tinted IGU)
COLOR SHGC SHGC – with Ecl.Adv
Clear
Grey
Bronze
Blue-Green
Arctic Blue
Evergreen
* 1” insulated unit, coating surface #2 Lower SHGC is better---reduced cooling costs

69. Eclipse Advantage™ Low-E
Thermal Control
COLOR U-Value U-Value (Eclipse Advantage)
Clear
Grey
Bronze
Blue-Green
Arctic Blue
Evergreen
* 1” insulated unit, coating surface #2, winter u-value Lower U-value is better---less heating/cooling costs, (comparison to tint or reflective with no low-E) U-value = 1/R-value

70. Reflite™ Reflective Glass
New coating facility in Malaysia
Features & Benefits
Medium solar control (low SHGC)
Low Shading coefficient (SC)
Subtle Reflectivity - privacy
Pyrolytic coating (hard coat)
Easy to handle
Good glare control
Air conditioning costs reduced 70

71. Project Photos

72. Pilkington Solar-E™ Low-E
Central World Plaza –
Bangkok, Thailand
Mulieris Tower, USA 72

73. Pilkington Arctic Blue™
Call Centre, Poland

74. Pilkington Emerald Green™
1 First Avenue,
Petaling Jaya

75. Pilkington Eclipse Advantage™ Evergreen
Davenport Skybridge, Iowa
Bahrain Financial Harbour
Sand, Dalamite, Soda Ash, Lime, Cullet & heated
to 2500 degrees
Pilkington invented the float glass process in 1952 and has licensed this technology to other glass manufacturers including PPG, Guardian, AFG and Cardinal
Replaced the sheet process which required each sheet to be polished, which was extremely expensive.
Cullet is recycled glass that has be cut later in the process; broken and “sent back” to the batch to aid in melting the batch. Can be ~20-25% of the batch.

76. Pilkington Reflite™ Emerald Green & Arctic Blue
Kota Sentosa Commercial Centre, Kuching –
Reflite™ Emerald Green
Management & Science University,
Shah Alam – Reflite™ Arctic Blue

77. Pilkington Activ™ Self-Cleaning Glass77

78. “What makes a glass self-cleaning?”
Pilkington Activ™ Self-Cleaning Glass
“What makes a glass self-cleaning?”
Pyrolytic Coating – Hard Coat
Photocatalytic Properties – Dirt Destroying
Hydrophyllic Properties – Water Sheeting 78

79. Pilkington Activ™ Self-Cleaning Glass
Stephen May Hall, UK
Lacks Cancer Center Grand Rapids, USA
KLCC Canopy, Malaysia 79