1. wired nation Oscar Wilde in Leadville

2. wired nation “To be or not to be, that is the bare Bodkin That makes calamity of so long life; For who would fardels bear, till Birnam Wood do come to Dunsinane, But that the fear of something after death Murders the innocent sleep Great nature’s second course And makes us rather sling arrows of outrageous fortune Than fly to others that we know not of.”

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4. George Washington Plunkitt of New York

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6. Edwin Forrest Edwin Booth

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9. P.T. Barnum John Phillip Sousa

10. wired nation Ole Bull (with a student) and Jenny Lind

11. wired nation Theodore Thomas’ “tale of woe and disheartening anguish...” New York Philharmonic problems: –Ticket sales don’t finance the symphony –Many members have to work other jobs –Other members underemployed –Not enough time for rehearsals Theodore Thomas

12. wired nation Carnegie’s Gospel of Wealth set an example of modest, unostentatious living to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds for the community— the man of wealth thus becoming the mere agent and trustee for his poorer brethren bringing to their service his superior wisdom doing for them better than they would or could do for themselves.

13. wired nation “Culture” vs “Anarchy” Culture “the best that has been thought and known in the world.” A bulwark against social chaos and degeneracy

14. wired nation No more mixing of musical genres (no more mixing of classical and folk music). Composers, rather than performers, became the central event of the concert. The conductor as God The music can never be edited Amateur music no longer acceptable Henry Lee Higgenson

15. wired nation Phrenology: “Highbrow versus Lowbrow”

16. wired nation Thomas Bowdler, 1754-1825 “Bowdlerized” editions of classics cleaned up the nasty parts Victorian scholars claim that Shakespeare never wrote his play “Titus Andronicus”

17. wired nation 1868, Regina v. Hicklin (UK) Lord Chief Justice Cockburn defines the test of obscenity as whether the “tendency” of a work is “to deprave and corrupt those whose minds are open to such immoral influences, and into whose hands a publication of this sort may fall.”

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19. The “Comstock” Act of 1871 “Act of the Suppression of Trade In, and Circulation of, Obscene Literature and Articles of Immoral Use” Prohibits sending of obscene literature through the mails Defines birth control information as obscene Comstock appointed assistant postmaster to enforce the law Anthony Comstock

20. wired nation Victoria Woodhull Stockbroker Advocate of women’s suffrage and “free love” First person to publish Marx/Engels’ “Communist Manifesto” in the United States Ran for President of the United States, 1872

21. wired nation World War I Post office censors magazines critical about U.S. involvement in the war 1918: Sedition act punishes dissenters 1919: Schenck vs. U.S. upholds conviction of a draft resister

22. wired nation Cheap amusements 1899: Louis Glass invents the “Nickel-in- the-Slot” forerunner to the Jukebox Amusement parks and Vaudeville theater caters to the urban working class Steeplechase park, Coney Island

23. wired nation Eaedweard Muybridge

24. wired nation Edison’s Kinetoscope (1893)

25. wired nation Edison’s Vitascope movie, “the Kiss” (1896)the Kiss

26. wired nation Early Edison films Laura Comstock’s DogLaura Comstock’s Dog Stealing DinnerStealing Dinner Princess Raja’s DancePrincess Raja’s Dance

27. wired nation Left to right: Jack Warner, Adolph Zukor, Carl Laemmle (center), Louis B. Mayer

28. wired nation The Edison Trust, 1908 Eight companies drop all litigation against each other and pool patents Distributors and theater owners who showed films with the patented equipment have to pay $$$ Producers unlicensed by Edison Trust can’t buy Eastman-Kodak film Courts dissolve the trust in 1915

29. wired nation Where is Florence Lawrence? Laemmle stages fake disappearance of early movie star to create publicity. Florence Lawrence, the “Biograph Girl”

30. wired nation Mutual Film v. Ohio Industrial Commission (1915) Supreme Court says state commission censorship of movies okay: “The exhibition of moving pictures is a business pure and simple, originated and conducted for profit, like other spectacles, not to be regarded, nor intended to be regarded by the Ohio Constitution, we think, as part of the press of the country or as organs of public opinion.” “They are mere representations of events, of ideas and sentiments published and known, vivid, useful and entertaining no doubt, but... capable of evil, having power for it, the greater because of their attractiveness and manner of exhibition.”

31. wired nation The Hays Production Code, 1930, 1934 No profanity No lustful embraces (eg, open mouthed kissing) No homosexuality No positive portrayals of adultery No interracial romantic or sexual relationships