1. IT Infrastructure
Database Tuning – Fall 2015

2. Slotnik’s Law of Effort #1: Heterogeneous Systems
LOOK UP: Slotnik vs. Amdahl (AFIPS’67), Michael Flynn’s talk on dataflow machines, Ryan Johnson’s paper on bionic databases.
@ Dennis Shasha and Philippe Bonnet, 2013
Source:

3. Bill Daly’s slide deck on exascale computing project
NVidia’s vision

4. @ Dennis Shasha and Philippe Bonnet, 2013
IO Architecture
Processor
[core i7]
2x21GB/sec
RAM
16 GB/sec
SSD
Memory bus
PCI Express
HDD
Southbridge
Chipset
[z68]
5 GB/sec
RAID controller
3 GB/sec
SATA ports
PCI
HDD
SSD
3 GB/sec
SSD
SSD
SSD
Byte addressable
Block addressable
LOOK UP: Smart Response Technology (SSD caching managed by z68)
@ Dennis Shasha and Philippe Bonnet, 2013

5. @ Dennis Shasha and Philippe Bonnet, 2013
RAID Controller
PCI bridge
Batteries
RAM
CPU
Host Bus Adapter
Caching
Write-back / write-through
Logical disk organization
JBOD
RAID
@ Dennis Shasha and Philippe Bonnet, 2013

6. Slotnik’s Law of Effort #2: The emergence of SSDs
Latency of 5000 random writes on an Intel
710 SSD (10 successive passes over 250 KB with 512B
random writes on a random formatted device).
Throughput for 4K read IOs from product specifications
Read
Write
Logical address space
Scheduling & Mapping
Wear Leveling
Garbage collection
Program
Erase
Chip …
Flash memory array
Channels
Physical address space
LOOK UP: The necessary death of the block device interface
@ Dennis Shasha and Philippe Bonnet, 2013

7. Case: TPC-C Top Performer (01/13)
Redo Log Configuration
Total system cost
30,528,863 USD
Performance
30,249,688 tpmC
Total #processors
108
Total #cores
1728
Total storage
1,76 PB
Total #users
24,300,000
LOOK UP: TPC-C OLTP Benchmark
@ Dennis Shasha and Philippe Bonnet, 2013
Source:

8. Warehouse-Scale Computer
LOOK UP: Werner Voegels on virtualization.
@ Dennis Shasha and Philippe Bonnet, 2013
Source:

9. Cloud Services
IaSS: compute and storage abstractions (VM, load balancer)
ex: AWS, Azure
PaSS: execution environment
ex: Google App Engine, AWS, Azure
SaSS: managed software
ex: SQL Azure, Snowflake
Private, public, hybrid coud

10. source: Microsoft
Key metric: number of servers per administrator – Amazon: 10K

11. @ Dennis Shasha and Philippe Bonnet, 2013
Database Appliances
@ Dennis Shasha and Philippe Bonnet, 2013
Source:

12. Mainframe
Fast processors, lots of hardware accelerators, lots of RAM and storage
Hardware resources are virtualized: e.g., single-level store
High-performance, general purpose applicance; or alternative to a private cloud

13. Storage Architectures
source: Virtual Geek’s take on storage tree of life – A MUST READ!!
Storage RAM
Interconnect
© Philippe Bonnet, 2014

14. Data-Intensive Applications: Server-side Architectures
Look up Fabric Computing on Wikipedia.
source: Virtual Geek’s take on storage tree of life – A MUST READ!!
© Philippe Bonnet, 2014

15. Source: Chad Sakac,EMC, software-defined storage - what's next, vmworld 2014