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Transcription and Translation
Topic 7 Cont’d Transcription and Translation
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Transcription Basics DNA vs. RNA
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Transcription Basics cont’d
Directionality: read 3’-5’; made 5’-3’ Promoter & TATA boxes Nucleoside triphosphates Contains the sense strand and antisense strand Sense strand = always 5’-3’ and is the same as the mRNA that is produced except T for U Antisense strand = always 3’-5’ and is the strand that forms the template and is transcribed.
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Animation sites
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Translation The process of polypeptide/protein production using mRNA as a guide Requires: mRNA transcript tRNA tRNA activating enzymes ribosomes genetic code…..
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The Genetic COde
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The Genetic Code cont’d
It’s a triplet code (codon) = 3 bases code for 1 amino acid There are 64 different codons Duplication = degeneracy = possible for 2 or more codons to code for the same amino acid Code is essential universal (find me 2 exceptions by next class for 1 point e.c. each)
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Amino Acids
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tRNA All tRNAs have base-paired ds sections that become loops
Triplet bases complementary to mRNA codons…called anticodons A 3’-5’ CCA terminal end for amino acid attachment The above permit 3 distinct binding attachment of the tRNA to the ribosome
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tRNA cont’d
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tRNA a S = F example The base sequence of tRNa molecules vary = some variable features in its structure An extra small loop is sometimes present The bp sections are sometimes helical Results in: A distinctive 3-d shape Distinctive chemical properties ALLOWS THE CORRECT AA TO BE ATTACHED TO THE 3’ END BY A tRNA ACTIVATING ENZYME (aminoacyl-tRNA sythetase) There are 20 different tRNA activating enzymes – one for each of the 20 diff. AA
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Ribosome Basics Composed of protein and rRNA
Consist of 2 subunits (small and large) Possess 3 binding sites for tRNA (2 tRNAs can bind at the same time) Possess a binding site for mRNA Free vs. Bound (RER) 80S in Euks vs. 70S in Proks & Euk. organelles
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Ribosome (2 site version)
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Translation Step 1 - Initiation
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Polysomes & Movie Time
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