1. States of Consciousness
AP Psychology—Text Ch. 4

2. Describe your current thought in as much detail as possible
Describe your current thought in as much detail as possible. (this is your waking consciousness)
Try to NOT think.

3. Altered Consciousness
Examples?
Natural vs. intentional?

5. Daydreams…Good or Bad? Spontaneous use of imagination…
1/3 to ½ of awake hours are spent daydreaming (?)
Evidence of a more agile working memory?
Benefits of Daydreaming

6. Hypnosis & Meditation

7. Hypnosis—OfficeSpace
Complete Handout 5-12
Hypnosis Demonstration
Hypnosis=power of suggestion

8. Research backed ideas:
Ability to be hypnotized does not indicate gullibility
Participants retain ability to control behavior
Posthypnotic amnesia is rare
Not dangerous when practiced by a clinician
Can’t re-experience childhood events
Is considered effective treatment for some disorders

9. Meditation/Imagery Psychology Today: Science and Meditation
Mental Rehearsal & Performance

10. Progressive Relaxation Exercise

11. Sleep & Dreams

12. Take Sleep IQ Test (in sleep packet)
Adult average score=5.5

13. Naps When do you get the most drowsy? Socio-cultural perspective?
Research?
Those is isolation for weeks slept at night and napped in the afternoon
3, 30 minute naps/week were associated with 37% reduction in deaths from heart disease (23,000 participants)
Stress and sleep?

14. Sleep—another 1/3 of our lives
Adenosine—chemical that triggers sleepiness
Melatonin—hormone regulates circadian rhythms.
Disturbed circadian rhythms=hormone adjustments

15. Sleep Cycles—brain waves
Awake=Beta Waves
1: Alpha Waves
2: Sleep Spindles
3: Delta waves appear
4: Deep Delta

16. REM Takes place every 90 minutes Rapid Eye Movements
Accompanied by sleep paralysis
Not to be confused with NREM

17. Sleep Cycles cont…

18. Duration of Stages Stage 1: lasts only a few moments Stage 2: 45-50%
Stage 3 & 4: dominate first half of night…REM and 2 dominate the rest
REM: 20-25% of night…paralysis, heightened brain activity…1st dream = appox. 10 min
Sleep cycle occurs approx 4-5 times per night and lasts 90 minutes.

19. Dream Theories Daniel Tosh track
“The royal road to the unconscious” –Freud
Manifest and latent content
Dreams simply reflect life events
1st dream of the night connects with events of the day—then REM works like the telephone game
REM helps us remember
Activation-Synthesis theory
Source of creative insight

20. Dreams Kids dream substantially more than adults
Explain dreaming from each of the psychological perspectives…
Handout 5-9: What do we dream about?
5-10: Remembering your dreams…try to track your dreams for one week.
Problem Solving Experiment—volunteers?

21. Dream studies American men dreamed of men twice as often as of women
64% of interactions in dreams were hostile as opposed to friendly
Ghanaians often dream of attack by cows
Americans are more likely to find themselves embarrassed by public nakedness
Children are more likely to dream of animals
College students are more likely to dream of small pets
Women dream of children
Men dream of aggression and weapons
American women dreamt about both men and women

22. Sleep Deprivation
Study: 24 hours of sleep loss = equivalent test scores of intoxicated subjects
Exxon-Valdez—crew member steering the ship had only six hours of sleep in the past two nights.

23. Sleep Disorders 1) Narcolepsy– the narcoleptic dog
2) Sleep Apnea—cessation of respiration
3) Insomnia—common causes are anxiety and substance use
4) Sleep Walking & Night Terrors
More common in childhood
Occurs in 1st stage 4
Occurs often due to sleep deprivation

24. Complete Handout 5-5: Morningness—Eveningness Questionnaire
Complete Handout 5-6: Am I Sleep Deprived?
Complete Handout 5-8: Sleep Strategies

25. Sleep and Memory
Read “Shhh…I’m getting Smarter”

26. Drug-Altered Consciousness
Mouse Party