1. Chapter 9 WORKING FOR REFORM
The American Nation
4/10/2017
Chapter 9 WORKING FOR REFORM
Section 1: Religious Zeal and New Communities
Section 2: Movements for Social Reform
Section 3: The Crusade for Abolition
Section 4: The Cause of Women’s Rights
CHAPTER 9--WORKING FOR REFORM

2. Objectives: Section 1: Religious Zeal and New Communities
Who participated in the Second Great Awakening?
What were the main characteristics of the Shakers and Mormons?
What ideas did transcendentalism promote?

3. Participants in the Second Great Awakening
Section 1: Religious Zeal and New Communities
Participants in the Second Great Awakening
people living on the frontier
people living in the cities of the Northeast
African Americans
middle-class women

4. Shaker beliefs Section 1: Religious Zeal and New Communities
separate yet relatively equal roles for men and women; no marriage
property jointly owned by the community
Christ would soon return to rule Earth
Utopian community

5. Mormon beliefs Section 1: Religious Zeal and New Communities
Utopian community
plural marriage for men
Divine assistance had given new religious teachings.

6. Transcendentalist ideas
Section 1: Religious Zeal and New Communities
Transcendentalist ideas
People could attain perfection through knowledge about God, the self, and the universe.
importance of the individual
natural simplicity
spiritual renewal

7. Objectives: Section 2: Movements for Social Reform
What motivated temperance reformers?
Why did some women believe it was important to become involved in reform movements?
How did educational opportunities change in the early 1800s?
How and why did reformers work to improve prisons and other institutions?

8. Temperance reformers Section 2: Movements for Social Reform
wanted to reduce criminal behavior, family violence, and poverty
desired a more disciplined workforce
wanted to preserve the family

9. Women and reform Section 2: Movements for Social Reform
Many women believed that they had a duty to become involved in reform since they were expected to instill values of good citizenship in their children and serve as the moral voice in their household.

10. Education in the early 1800s
Section 2: Movements for Social Reform
Education in the early 1800s
expansion of public education
opening of first public high school
expansion of opportunities for women and African Americans to receive a college education

11. Jails and prisons Section 2: Movements for Social Reform
Reformers created the penitentiary system, built more prisons, and established reform schools to deal with the imprisonment of juveniles with adult offenders.

12. Poorhouses Section 2: Movements for Social Reform
Reformers established a network of poorhouses, where the able-bodied poor would be required to work and where poor children could be educated.

13. Mental hospitals Section 2: Movements for Social Reform
Rehabilitation hospitals were established to get mentally ill people out of jails and poorhouses.

14. Objectives: Section 3: The Crusade for Abolition
How did African Americans change the focus of antislavery efforts?
What sparked the call for immediate abolition?
How did the Anti-Slavery Society spread its message?
What obstacles did the abolitionist movement face?

15. Focus of antislavery efforts
Section 3: The Crusade for Abolition
Focus of antislavery efforts
African Americans changed the focus of antislavery efforts through their opposition to plans for colonization.

16. The call for immediate abolition
Section 3: The Crusade for Abolition
The call for immediate abolition
Impatience with the abolition movement’s lack of progress led some leaders such as David Walker and William Lloyd Garrison to call for immediate abolition.

17. Obstacles to the abolition movement
Section 3: The Crusade for Abolition
Obstacles to the abolition movement
violence
fear and prejudice against free African Americans
internal conflict

18. Objectives: Section 4: The Cause of Women’s Rights
How did the women’s rights movement grow out of the abolitionist movement, and what opposition did it face?
What did early women’s rights activists demand?
What did the early women’s rights movement achieve, and what issues remained unresolved?

19. Women’s rights movement grew out of abolition movement
Section 4: The Cause of Women’s Rights
Women’s rights movement grew out of abolition movement
The women’s rights movement grew out of the abolition movement because many women who worked for abolition began comparing their situation to that of the slaves.

20. Opposition to women’s rights movement
Section 4: The Cause of Women’s Rights
Opposition to women’s rights movement
The women’s rights movement faced opposition from men who believed that a woman’s place was in the home.

21. Early demands Section 4: The Cause of Women’s Rights
Married women should have the right to control property and earnings.
Divorced women should gain custody of their children.
Women should have the right to vote.

22. Achievements Section 4: The Cause of Women’s Rights
New York’s Married Women’s Property Act
Some states revised laws to permit married women to own property, file lawsuits, and retain earnings.

23. Unresolved issues Section 4: The Cause of Women’s Rights right to vote
needs of African American women and white, working-class women