1. When Children Aren’t Ready for Kindergarten BY: John H. Holloway Heidi Mullen

2. Delayed Entry Vs. Kindergarten Retention Two approaches parents and schools use. In Spring of their kindergarten year, younger children had lower knowledge and skills then did their older counterparts. They also found that older kindergartners were more persistent, more eager and more focused.

3. Delayed Entry Children who are delayed performed better than their younger classmates in grades 1 and 2. Researchers state that the extra year before starting kindergarten does not harm the children who are held out and may help.

4. Retention Children who repeated Kindergarten were doing worse than their younger classmates. They were much more likely to have problems concentrating, with behaviors and performing to their capabilities. Repeating Kindergarten had not helped those children and may have made matters worse.

5. Reasons for the Differences The underlying developmental problems of the two groups may differ. The two groups may have different socioeconomic backgrounds. Parents who choose to delay their children’s school entry may have a higher level awareness and involvement. The stigmatizing effect of being required to repeat a grade may harm children’s academic progress.

6. Potential Disadvantages of Delayed Entry Children with fewer advantages, may not have as many opportunities to benefit from effective preschool programs or learning experiences at home. When schools and parents hold younger students out of kindergarten, the average age of kindergarten students rises which, prompts policy-makers to continue increasing the expectations for performance during the kindergarten year for these older children and their teachers.

7. Researchers suggest: Policymakers should identify children who are at risk for school failure and make quality preschool experiences available to these children to ensure that they have the opportunity to develop readiness skills. Full-day kindergarten