1. DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION

2. YOU MUST KNOW…
HOW LAMARCK’S VIEW OF THE MECHANISM OF EVOLUTION DIFFERED FROM DARWIN’S
SEVERAL EXAMPLES OF EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRUCTURES THAT ARE HOMOLOGOUS AND THOSE THAT ARE ANALOGOUS, AND HOW THIS RELATES TO EVOLUTION
THE ROLE OF ADAPTATIONS, VARIATION, TIME, REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS, AND HERITABILITY IN EVOLUTION

3. CONCEPT 22.1
THE DARWINIAN REVOLUTION CHALLENGED TRADITIONAL VIEWS OF A YOUNG EARTH INHABITED BY UNCHANGING SPECIES

4. CAROLUS LINNAEUS ( )
GROUPS SIMILAR SPECIES INTO INCREASINGLY GENERAL CATEGORIES REFLECTING WHAT HE CONSIDERED THE PATTERN OF THEIR CREATION
DEVELOPED TAXONOMY – NAMING AND CLASSIFICATION OF ALL LIFE
DEVELOPED BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

6. GEORGES CUVIER ( )
FRENCH GEOLOGIST OPPOSED THE IDEA OF EVOLUTION
ADVOCATED CATASTROPHISM - EVENTS IN THE PAST OCCURRED SUDDENLY AND BY DIFFERENT MECHANISMS THAN THOSE OCCURRING TODAY

7. CHARLES LYELL ( )
DEVELOPED PRINCIPLE OF UNIFORMITARIANISM – THE SAME GEOLOGIC PROCESSES THAT HAVE SHAPED THE PLANET IN THE PAST ARE STILL OPERATING TODAY AND AT THE SAME RATE
THE EARTH MUST BE VERY OLD
DARWIN STUDIED LYELL’S PRINCIPLES

8. JEAN-BAPTISTE de LAMARCK (1744-1829)
DEVELOPED AN EARLY THEORY OF EVOLUTION BASED ON:
USE AND DISUSE – PARTS THAT ARE USED EXTENSIVELY BECOME LARGER AND STRONGER AND THOSE THAT ARE NOT, DETERIORATE
INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS – THEY ARE PASSED ON TO THE NEXT GENERATION
HE RECOGNIZED THAT SPECIES EVOLVED THOUGH HIS EXPLANATIONS WERE FLAWED

9. CONCEPT 22.2 DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION BY NATURAL SELECTION
EXPLAINS THE ADAPTATIONS OF ORGANSIMS AND THE UNITY AND DIVERSITY OF LIFE

10. CHARLES DARWIN HMS BEAGLE (1831 – 1836)
THEORY OF EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION
NATURAL SELECTION EXPLAINS HOW ADAPTATIONS ARISE

11. ADAPTATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS THAT ENHANCE ORGANISMS’ ABILITY TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE
NATURAL SELECTION – PROCESS WHERE INDIVIDUALS THAT HAVE CERTAIN HERITABLE CHARACTERISTICS SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE AT A HIGHER RATE THAN OTHER INDIVIDUALS
NATURAL SELECTION CAN INCREASE THE MATCH BETWEEN ORGANISMS AND THE ENVT.
IN AN ENVT, CHANGES OR INDIVIDUALS MOVE. NATURAL SELECTION MAY RESULT IN ADAPTATION TO THESE NEW CONDITIONS, GIVING RISE TO NEW SPECIES

12. ARTIFICIAL SELECTION SPECIES ARE MODIFIED BY HUMANS
EX. DEVELOPMENT OF DOG BREEDS

13. CONCEPT 22.3
EVOLUTION IS SUPPORTED BY AN OVERWHELMING AMOUNT OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE

14. EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
DIRECT OBSERVATION
EX. INTENSE PREDATION OF WILD GUPPIES RESULTS IN MORE DRABLY COLORED MALES
EX. DRUG-RESISTANT VIRUSES AND ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT BACTERIA

15. EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
FOSSIL RECORDS
HOMOLOGY – HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES, EMBRYONIC HOMOLOGIES, VESTIGIAL ORGANS, MOLECULAR HOMOLOGIES, CONVERGENT EVOLUTION (ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES – 2 ORGANSIMS DEVELOPED SIMILARITIES AS THEY ADAPTED TO SIMILAR ENVT.)
BIOGEOGRAPHY – CONTINENTAL DRIFT

17. EVOLUTION IS CHANGE IN SPECIES OVER TIME
HERITABLE VARIATIONS EXIST WITHIN A POPULATION
VARIATIONS CAN RESULT IN DIFFERENTIAL REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS
OVER GENERATIONS, THIS CAN RESULT IN CHANGES IN THE GENETIC COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION
INDIVIDUALS DO NOT EVOLVE…POPULATIONS EVOLVE!