1. Why the Majority Doesn’t Always Win Majorities often have less at stake than minorities (“diffuse interests” vs. “concentrated interests”) Majorities are harder to organize than small minorities Organizations, not people, influence policy – mobilization is everything “Money is the mother’s milk of politics” People vote for packages and personalities --- very few issues determine many people’s votes…

2. SIDE 1 Interests DiffuseConcentrated Side 2 Interests DiffuseNO ACTIONSIDE 1 WINS ConcentratedSIDE 2 WINSCONFLICT: Gridlock Or Compromise Concentrated Interests Almost Always Trump Diffuse Interests

3. Diffuse and Concentrated Interests in (one part of) the Information Policy Domain Pro: Intellectual Property DiffuseConcentrated General interest in encouragement of creativity and fair return; public and artists; Media conglomerates Recording Industry Book publishers Music publishers Software manufacturers Pro: Information Commons DiffuseConcentrated Public interest in fair use, access to information and ability to use information in creative works. Electronics industry File-sharing services Libraries, schools Universities (to a point)

4. Free Expression Communications Decency Act etc. Child on-line Protection Act Sexual spam markers Library filter re- quirement s On-line political speech & Ca,mpaing finance Center for Democracy & Technology, ACLU, EFF Privacy Intellectua l Property Security Commercial Regulatory Issues Chamber of Commerce, Telcos, ISPs, Cable companies, Other Business Interests Electronic s industry Content producers Archivists, Librarians Law enforcement Software & Hardware firms Federal Communications Commission Digital Divide Local governments NTIA Telcos Stylized Map of Internet Policy Space: Issues and Players - 2005 QUESTIONS: WHO REPRESENTS THE PUBLIC INTEREST? WHO DEFINES THE PUBLIC INTEREST?

5. Different Players are Motivated by Different Values American Civil Liberties Union: http://www.aclu.org/Cyber- Liberties/Cyber- Libertieslist.cfm?c=59 http://www.aclu.org/Cyber- Liberties/Cyber- Libertieslist.cfm?c=59 Center for Democracy and Technology: http://www.cdt.org/http://www.cdt.org/ Cato Institute: http://www.cato.org/tech/ http://www.cato.org/tech/ Electronic Frontier Foundation: http://action.eff.org/site/PageServe r?pagename=ADV_homepage http://action.eff.org/site/PageServe r?pagename=ADV_homepage Public Knowledge: http://www.publicknowledge.org/ http://www.publicknowledge.org/ U.S. Chamber of Commerce. http://www.uschamber.com/issues /index/technology/default http://www.uschamber.com/issues /index/technology/default Values: ?? Values?? Values?