1. Modals in the past Lida Middle School Xu Wenjun

2. Did a lot of people know about Van Gogh before he died? → Few people _________________ of Van Gogh before he died. Did Van Gogh have a lot of money in his lifetime? → Van Gogh ______________________ a lot of money in his lifetime. → Van Gogh ______________________ a little money in his lifetime. may have heard couldn’t have had could have had

3. Where did Van Gogh work at first? Did he like his job? → Van Gogh ______________________ it, because he left. must have disliked

4.  Few people may have heard of Van Gogh before he died.  Van Gogh could not have had a lot of money in his lifetime.  Van Gogh could have had a little money in his lifetime.  Van Gogh must have disliked it, because he left. * Modal verbs + have + past participle Conclusion I: Structure We can use have + past participle after modal verbs to talk about things in the past. 我们可以用情态动词加上动词的完成式来表示对过 去发生的动作或状态的推测。

5. 1.To talk about something that we think certainly happened, we can use must + have + past participle. 当表示过去肯定发生 过的事情时，我们可以用 must + have + past participle 。 Liu Xiang __________ (be) excited, for he __________ (win) the 110 metres hurdles in Osaka in Japan for the fifth time. Conclusion II: must have been won

6. The fact proves that Chinese mountaineers _____________ (fail) to carry the Olympic torch to Mt. Qomolangma. can’t/couldn’t have failed 2.To talk about something that was impossible, we can use cannot/could not + have + past participle. 当表示过去不可能发生的事情时， 我们可以用 cannot/could not + have + past participle 。

7. 1. Gloria has won every game she's played today. She ____________ (practice) a lot. Complete the sentences with must have or can’t have. must have practised 2. A: James was at the party last night. B: He ____________ (be)! He’s in China. can’t have been

8. 4. Janet ____________ (ring) you last night. Her phone isn't working. Complete the sentences with must have or can’t have. can’t have rung 3. Anna wasn’t at work today. She ____________ (have) the day off. must have had

9. 3.To talk about something that was possibly true, we can use may/might/could + have + past participle. 当表示过去可能发生 的事情时，我们可以用 may/might/could + have + past participle 。 The trees fell down and it __________(result) from the earthquake. may/might/could have resulted

10. Change these maybe statements to statements with may have, might have, or could have. Situation: Tom dropped out of the course after the first few weeks. The following are some guesses about why he did it.

11. Change these maybe statements to statements with may have, might have, or could have. 1. Maybe he preferred an earlier class. (could) He could have preferred an earlier class. 2. Maybe the class was too hard for him. (may) The class may have been too hard for him.

12. 3. Maybe he found a full-time job. (might) He might have found a full-time job. 4. Maybe he had a lot of problems at home. (could) He could have had a lot of problems at home. 5. Maybe he left town. (might) He might have left town.

13. Multiple Choice 1.He was late. He ______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. would C. can D. will A

14. Multiple Choice 2.--Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere. --Well. He ______ have gone far--his coat’s still here. A. could B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t C

15. Multiple Choice 3.This cake is very sweet. You ______ a lot of sugar in it. A. would put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put D

16. Multiple Choice 4.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who ______ have taken it? A. may B. must C. could D. would C

17. Multiple Choice 5. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ______ your lecture. A. couldn’t have attended B. wouldn’t have attended C. mustn’t have attended D. might have attended A

18. 1. It (must/be) _______________ a very important religious site. Write the past form of the modal in brackets. Stonehenge, near Salisbury, England 2. Originally, there (might/be) ____________ sixty large stones—many 4 to 7 metres high! might have been must have been

19. Write the past form of the modal in brackets. Stonehenge, near Salisbury, England 3. ‘Surely they (can’t/move) ______________ stones all the way from Wales!’ Some people think they did!’ 4. ‘How (could/they/make) _______________ the stones stand upright?’ ‘They (must/use) _______________ hundreds of men.’ can’t have moved could they have made must have used

20. Write the past form of the modal in brackets. Stonehenge, near Salisbury, England 5. ‘(Could/the Romans/build) ____________ it? ‘No, they (could) _______________. It was built about 3100 BC, long before the Romans came to Britain.’ Could the Romans have built they couldn’t have (done) they couldn’t have (done)

21. Look at the pictures and underline the correct answer. 1. The post must have / might have / can’t have arrived.

22. Look at the pictures and underline the correct answer. 2. She can have / can’t have / might have been on holiday.

23. Look at the pictures and underline the correct answer. 3. He might not have / can’t have / must have forgotten his key.

24. Look at the pictures and underline the correct answer. 4. She must have slept / can’t have slept / might have slept last night.

25. Certainty about the past Possibility about the past Dick can’t / couldn’t must Diana may / might / could may not / might not have have passed the exam. been murdered. Could Dick have passed the exam? Yes, he could / might have (done). (It’s possible) No, he can’t / couldn’t have (done). (certainly not) Yes, he must have (done). (yes, certainly) For questions about possibility we usu. use could.

26. Complete the dialogue with a verb given in past modal form. A: Did Jane go to the party by bike? B: She _______________ (not go) by bike. Her bike is still there. A: So she _______________ (take) a bus. B: But she hates to be pushed on the crowded bus. A: Then she _____________ (go) by taxi. B: It _______________ (be) her choice though it would cost more money. couldn’t/can’t have gone must/might/may have taken must have gone may/might/must have been

27. Translation: 1. Jack isn’t home yet. _______________________ （他可能误了飞机）. 2. _______________________（他们不可能出去了） because the light’s on. 3. 他当时肯定知道玛丽需要什么。 He may/might have missed the plane They couldn’t/can’t have gone out He must have known what Mary wanted at that time.

28. Assignment 1. Review what you have learnt today. 2. Finish off Ex A & B on page 26 in your Workbook. Workbook.

29. Thank you !