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Published byJacqueline Loveridge Modified over 9 years ago
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Decontamination Principles and Patient Management
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Module Objectives Define decontamination
Describe the differences between non-ambulatory and ambulatory decontamination Discuss procedures for the wet and dry decontamination Discuss the decontamination planning process / patient management Identify regulatory compliance issues
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What is Decontamination?
The process of removing or neutralizing surface contaminants that have accumulated on personnel and equipment.
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Why Decontaminate? Emergency responders should ONLY decon to:
Control gross contamination Facilitate police measures Provide medical care Including psychological support
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Decontamination Three methods: Mechanical, chemical, physical
Types of Decontamination: Patient decontamination Personnel decontamination Personal decontamination Equipment decontamination
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Decontamination Level of Protection - Respiratory
- Protective clothing Isolation Zones Hospital Decontamination Decontamination Planning Process
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Selection of Appropriate PPE
Personal protective equipment (PPE) selection shall be based on an evaluation of the performance characteristics of the PPE relative to the requirements and limitations of the site, the task-specific conditions and duration, and the hazards and potential hazards identified at the site (CFR 29, )
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Levels of Protection Bunker Gear ? Greater Hazard Higher Burden Level
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Isolation Zones COMMAND POST ACCESS CORRIDOR DECONTAMINATION CORRIDOR
INCIDENT SITE DECONTAMINATION CORRIDOR HOT ** **SAFE REFUGE AREA WARM COLD WIND DIRECTION
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Hospital Decontamination
Patient population Selection of appropriate PPE Decontamination process Medical care at the incident site and decontamination areas EPA will waive requirements for run off collection in an emergency situation
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Patient Population Self-selected population
Ambulatory minimally symptomatic or worried well Sick patients brought in via EMS Survived without PPE Can be considered not “immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH)”?
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Personnel Who gets trained? - Awareness - Operations Availability
Operational Control Emergency Department Staff Other Identified Hospital Staff
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Decontamination Site Selection
Outside! Level impermeable surfaced area Up wind Water supply/collection Illuminated Ingress and Egress routes
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Hospital Decontamination
Triage Immediate Treatment Arrival Point Wet Non-Ambulatory Dry Decon Wet Ambulatory Hospital & Secondary Treatment Facility
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Arrival Point Purpose Location Staffing
Initial reception for potentially contaminated patients Patient checked for contamination Location Close to triage area Staffing Personnel in Level C?
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Decontamination Areas
Personnel Self vs Buddy Assisted Hasty vs. Thorough Standard vs. Field-Expedient Casualty Ambulatory vs. Non-Ambulatory Spot vs. Whole-body Wound Mechanical vs. Chemical
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Dry Decontamination Vapor or no exposure Removal of clothing
Modesty concerns Tracking of Valuables Requires large amounts of disposable clothing Clothing disposition
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Address Psychological Effects
Consider the following to address public fears after decon: Explain risks (provide information sheet) Offer careful but rapid medical assistance Avoid unnecessary isolation or quarantine Treat anxiety in unexposed persons who are experiencing somatic symptoms Responses following an event may include: Horror Anger Panic Paranoia Fear of contagion Demoralization Social isolation Unrealistic concerns about infection
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CISM: Must have a plan for Critical Incident Stress Management
Employees Volunteers Patients Worried well
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One contaminated patient may close your Emergency Department and/or
Hospital
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Decontamination Planning Process
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Decontamination Planning
Integral part of planning for emergency response Will reduce potential for injury and save lives during emergency response phase following significant agent release Decon of people must begin immediately, with implementation of protective actions Addresses priorities and procedures for decon planning
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Decon Planning Required by:
JACHO AOHA OSHA State OSHA DEQ
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Decon Plan Required Describe agencies to be responsible
Describe resources to be available Describe procedures to be followed to deal with agent-contaminated people and animals that provide critical support to humans Plan should emphasize self and buddy decontamination
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Planning Issues Site location, layout, preparation
Security and Communications Logistical support Equipment (unit level) Evacuation assets Personnel issues Training Manpower
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Planning Issues Cost – effective Mass Casualty Rapid set-up
Patient privacy Protection of property Training
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Where do we go from here? Reassess our approach to the Mass Casualty Incident Hospitals Develop Internal Plans for Decontamination Reassess the regulations concerning PPE Regional Planning Pre-Planning Advance Training Programs (ADLS)
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Personnel Training Requirements
Patient transport Decontamination Non-Ambulatory, Ambulatory, Personnel Detection and monitoring Hazard avoidance (for all personnel) Personal protection Work / rest cycles Rehydration
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Prior Planning Prevents Poor Performance
Summary Physical removal is BEST decon Must plan for patient decon at all aspects of care Decon process is resource intensive and must be planned and practiced in advanced Identify and train personnel early Learn benefits of coordination with medical assets in your hospital and region Prior Planning Prevents Poor Performance
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