1. Section 5.3 Effective Police Organization Section 5.3 Effective Police Organization

2. The Organization of Policing 2 2 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Effective Police Organization Organization can be defined as arranging and using resources in a way that provides the orderly accomplishment of goals.

3. The Organization of Policing 3 3 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Organizational Designs and Protocols The traditional structure of most law enforcement agencies has been a militaristic, pyramid-shaped hierarchy.

4. The Organization of Policing 4 4 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Organizational Designs and Protocols An organization that is characterized by several levels of command, with authority increasing as levels reach the top of the pyramid. Hierarchy

5. The Organization of Policing 5 5 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Chain of Command The ranks in the chain of command may include: Deputy chief Captain Lieutenant Sergeant Patrol officer Deputy chief Captain Lieutenant Sergeant Patrol officer

6. The Organization of Policing 6 6 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Chain of Command A police department’s order of authority, which begins at the top of the pyramid with the chief or sheriff and flows downward to the next level or echelon. Chain of Command

7. The Organization of Policing 7 7 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Unity of Command Another important part of sound organizational design is unity of command.

8. The Organization of Policing 8 8 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Unity of Command A part of sound organizational design in which every individual in an organization has only one immediate superior or supervisor. Unity of Command

9. The Organization of Policing 9 9 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Span of Control The span of control depends on: A department’s size The supervisors’ and officers’ abilities Crime rates Communities expectations of police services A department’s size The supervisors’ and officers’ abilities Crime rates Communities expectations of police services

10. The Organization of Policing 10 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Span of Control The number of people or units supervised by one manager. Span of Control

11. The Organization of Policing 11 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Community Policing for Effective Change Community Policing for Effective Change The traditional hierarchical structure creates the following problems: It stifles innovation and creativity It promotes alienation and a loss of individual self-worth It stifles innovation and creativity It promotes alienation and a loss of individual self-worth continued

12. The Organization of Policing 12 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Community Policing for Effective Change Community Policing for Effective Change It emphasizes mediocrity It diminishes the ability of managers to lead It emphasizes mediocrity It diminishes the ability of managers to lead

13. The Organization of Policing 13 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Community Policing for Effective Change Community Policing for Effective Change Community policing requires a shorter and flatter organizational design in which services are decentralized and community based.

14. The Organization of Policing 14 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Community Policing for Effective Change Community Policing for Effective Change In the community policing organizational model, the power pyramid is inverted.

15. The Organization of Policing 15 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Line Functions Many agencies divide their work into two major branches: Line functions Staff functions Line functions Staff functions

16. The Organization of Policing 16 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Line Functions Policing functions that encompass policing units directly involved in the provisions of field services. Line Functions

17. The Organization of Policing 17 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Staff Functions Policing functions that encompass activities provided in support of field operations. Many of these tasks can be performed by nonsworn personnel. Staff Functions

18. The Organization of Policing 18 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Line Functions Line functions include: Patrol operations Traffic operations Detective operations Narcotics, vice, and air support operations (in larger agencies) Patrol operations Traffic operations Detective operations Narcotics, vice, and air support operations (in larger agencies)

19. The Organization of Policing 19 Effective Police Organization 5.3

20. The Organization of Policing 20 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Staff Functions Staff functions include: Dispatch Records Training Human resources Property Dispatch Records Training Human resources Property

21. The Organization of Policing 21 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Specialization As an organization grows in size, specialization develops to meet the needs of the community and the policing organization.

22. The Organization of Policing 22 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Specialization An organizational approach that occurs when an organization’s structure is divided into units that are given specific tasks to perform. Specialization

23. The Organization of Policing 23 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Specialization Typical specialized units include: Narcotics Vice Internal affairs Juvenile Narcotics Vice Internal affairs Juvenile

24. The Organization of Policing 24 Effective Police Organization 5.3 The advantages of specialization are: Increased level of expertise, creativity, and innovation Greater job satisfaction Increased level of expertise, creativity, and innovation Greater job satisfaction Advantages of Specialization

25. The Organization of Policing 25 Effective Police Organization 5.3 The disadvantages of specialization are: More units to coordinate Overspecialization Limited career advancement due to training in one specific area More units to coordinate Overspecialization Limited career advancement due to training in one specific area Disadvantages of Specialization

26. The Organization of Policing 26 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Accreditation A new concept known as accreditation has emerged to measure police skills. It differs from Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST). A new concept known as accreditation has emerged to measure police skills. It differs from Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST).

27. The Organization of Policing 27 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Accreditation Statewide programs for individual police officers, which ensure that they meet minimal standards of competency and ethical behavior. Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST)

28. The Organization of Policing 28 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Accreditation Accreditation covers the full gamut of agency functions. Unlike POST, accreditation is voluntary. Accreditation covers the full gamut of agency functions. Unlike POST, accreditation is voluntary.

29. The Organization of Policing 29 Effective Police Organization 5.3 Accreditation Accreditation is overseen by the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA). CALEA was created in 1979 by four leading law enforcement groups. Accreditation is overseen by the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA). CALEA was created in 1979 by four leading law enforcement groups.

30. The Organization of Policing 30 Effective Police Organization 5.3 The five phases of accreditation are: Process of Accreditation 1.The application 2.Self-assessment 3.On-site assessment visit 4.CALEA review 5.Maintaining compliance 1.The application 2.Self-assessment 3.On-site assessment visit 4.CALEA review 5.Maintaining compliance

31. The Organization of Policing 31 Effective Police Organization 5.3 CALEA identifies the following benefits: Benefits of Accreditation 1.Providing better public services 2.Controlled liability insurance costs 3.Stronger defense against lawsuits and citizen complaints 1.Providing better public services 2.Controlled liability insurance costs 3.Stronger defense against lawsuits and citizen complaints continued

32. The Organization of Policing 32 Effective Police Organization 5.3 4.Greater accountability within the agency 5.Support from government officials 6.Verification of excellence 4.Greater accountability within the agency 5.Support from government officials 6.Verification of excellence Benefits of Accreditation

33. The Organization of Policing 33 Effective Police Organization 5.3 The goals of accreditation are: Benefits of Accreditation 1.Promote superior public safety 2.Recognize professional excellence 3.Avoid conflict with technical standards established by authorities 1.Promote superior public safety 2.Recognize professional excellence 3.Avoid conflict with technical standards established by authorities

34. The Organization of Policing 34 Effective Police Organization 5.3 ? 1.How is community policing linked to organizational change within police agencies? 2.What is POST? 1.How is community policing linked to organizational change within police agencies? 2.What is POST?

35. End of Section 5.3 Effective Police Organization End of Section 5.3 Effective Police Organization