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Schadstoffabbau als Atmungsprozess, Reduktive Dehalogenierung Alfredo Pérez-de-Mora Institute of Groundwater Ecology Helmholtz Zentrum Munich contact:

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Presentation on theme: "Schadstoffabbau als Atmungsprozess, Reduktive Dehalogenierung Alfredo Pérez-de-Mora Institute of Groundwater Ecology Helmholtz Zentrum Munich contact:"— Presentation transcript:

1 Schadstoffabbau als Atmungsprozess, Reduktive Dehalogenierung Alfredo Pérez-de-Mora Institute of Groundwater Ecology Helmholtz Zentrum Munich contact: alfredo.perez@helmholtz-muenchen.de

2 OUTLINE Organism of the day Characteristics of Dehalococcoides Reductive dechlorination Toxicity of chlorinated compounds Chemical properties of chlorinated compounds Groundwater contamination Remediation technologies for Volatile Organic Contaminants How to monitor reductive dechlorination in the field 2 problems

3 Organismus des Tages Dehalococcoides mccartyi D. ethenogenes now D.maccartyi strain 195 Maymo-Gatell et al., Science 1997

4 Chronology of Dehalococcoides 1989 D. Freedmann and J. Gossett –First enrichments showing transformation of PCE to ethene 1997 Isolation Maymo-Gatell and Steve Zinders - Degrades PCE to VC and Ethene 2002 First field demonstration of bioaugmentation (KB-1 culture) Isolation of other strains 2000 strain CBDB1 grows on clorinated aromatics 2003 strains bav1 and VS grow on cDCE and VC as TEA 2005 strain FL2 grows metabolically on TCE and cDCE, but cometabolically on VC 2006 strain GT degrades TCE all the way to ethene 2005 Genome of D. ethenogenes sequenced

5 Löffler et al., Int J Sys Evol Microbiol 2013 Particular compartmentalization for Gram negative Morphology of Dehalococcoides

6 Revisiting bacterial classification

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8 http://janiceatmeredith.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/gramsta.gif http://semoneapbiofinalexamreview.wikispaces.com/file/view /27_03-GramStaining-L.jpg/288701394/1106x401/27_03-GramStaining-L.jpg

9 Alternative to Gram staining Monoderm Diderm Revisiting bacterial classification Chloroflexi and Dehalococcoides Monoderms Gram negative

10 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ Organismus des Tages Dehalococcoides mccartyi (Notes on phylogeny) Phylum Chloroflexi

11 Organismus des Tages Dehalococcoides ethenogenes Domäne: Eubacteria Phylum: Chloroflexi Gattung: Dehalococcoides Löffler et al., Int J Sys Evol Microbiol 2013 Phylum Chloroflexi

12 Features of Dehalococcoides metabolism H 2 as electron donor Chlorinated compound as TEA Acetate as C source Incomplete TCA cycle CO 2 fixation pathway Incomplete cobalamin synthesis pathway Cannot synthesize methionine (all other aa yes)

13 Working with dechlorinating cultures

14 What is so special about Dehalococcoides? Reductive dechlorination = organohalide respiration C C Cl C C H C C HH C C H HH C C HH HH PCETCE cDCE VCethene Dehalococcoides Geobacter Dehalobacter Desulfitobacterium Sulfurospirillum Organochlorine compounds as TEAs

15 The mechanism: Reductive dehalogenation

16 Hydro- genase e- carrier Dehalo- genase ATPase H2H2 2H + 2e - nH + ethene + 3HCl TCE + 6H + + 6e - ADP + Pi ATP Cytosol Redesigned from Reshandri et al. 2005. Science 307. 107- 108 The mechanism: Reductive dehalogenation H+H+ TCE S - layer Periplasm ethene 2e -

17 Cobalamine mediated reduction of DCE and VC From Glod et al., 1997 EST

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20 The catalyst: reductive dehalogenases HPR: Hyper Variable Regions McMurdie et al. 2009. PLOSone Genetics

21 The energetics of reductive dehalogenation Problem: Calculate the change in free energy (KJ/e-eq) for the reductive dechlorination of: TCE to ethene VC to ethene

22 Chlorinated solvents properties


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