1. 2014 Cloud Family Gathering Natchitoches, LA July 19
Cloud DNA Project
2014 Cloud Family Gathering
Natchitoches, LA
July 19

2. Remember this when you get confused.
The Basics
Take a DNA test
Review matches
Contact matches
Examine information received
Do traditional research
Be patient (new people testing every day)
Remember this when you get confused.

3. 76 people in the Project (July 1, 2014) Test: Type number
Family Finder
atDNA 15
Geno 2.0
Y-SNP, mtDNA, atDNA 2
FGS
mtDNA 6
HVR1 12
HVR2 9
Big Y
Y-SNP
Deep Clade 3
Y-DNA 12
Y-STR 66
Y-DNA 25 59
Y-DNA 37 55
Y-DNA 67 19
Y-DNA 111

4. The Cloud DNA Project is a “Surname” Project
Surname typically passed from father-to-son – patrilineal
Only men have Y-DNA and they pass it to their sons – like the surname
Y-DNA is uniquely suited to identify a paternal line
The Y-DNA signature of a man is (virtually) identical to that of his paternal ancestors and to all their male descendants, his surname-line cousins

5. Why use Y-DNA ? Why use Y-DNA when it excludes most ancestors?
It is targeted and precise
The best test for recent and deep ancestry
It produces the most useful results
It can be used with Y-DNA tests from other lines
How do I research my other lines?
Get your male cousins to do Y-DNA tests
Do an autosomal test and work with the cousin matches

6. Y-DNA tests In our Project
Y-SNP – a rare change in the DNA, defines large people groups
Y-STR – a not-so-rare change in the DNA
used to differentiate between family lines
Test:
Type
number
Family Finder
atDNA 15
Geno 2.0
Y-SNP, mtDNA, atDNA 2
FGS
mtDNA 6
HVR1 12
HVR2 9
Big Y
Y-SNP
Deep Clade 3
Y-DNA 12
Y-STR 66
Y-DNA 25 59
Y-DNA 37 55
Y-DNA 67 19
Y-DNA 111

7. Haplogroup Y-SNP determines “haplogroup”
They are large branches of the human family
Often separated by thousands of years.

8. Human Y-DNA Phylogenetic Tree
SNP
Haplogroups

9. Human Y-DNA Phylogenetic Tree
There are five (5) distinct haplogroups (family branches or “subclades”) in our project.
Four shown here – the ‘R’ branch of our Project splits into two branches further down.

10. Y Haplogroups in Project
Confirmed
Predicted
I-M223 2 1
J-M92
Q-M3
R-P25
R-M269 11
R-P311
R-U106 19
R-L48 3 16
R-L47
R-Z160
R-P312
I – 4 people
J – 1 person
N – 1 person
Q – 1 person
R – 59 people
66 men with Y results
9 are not descended from CLOUD lines

11. BURNS, CLOUD, CRUNK, RATTRAY, RHINEHART, ROGOV, STANTON, etc.
Surname Matches
Kit
Haplo
Earliest known
No.
* Country
Matches
98357
I-M223
Ruben Cloud (1799 TN) 1
USA
KING, ASCHER
201410
Edward Cloud (1830 VA)
0 (12 markers)
198331
J-M92
Isom Cloud (1779 NC)
N48995
Q-M3
Joe Cloud (1866 TX)
SCHANTZ
R-M269
Wm Cloud (1780 SC) 4
CLOUD, STREETER
R-L48,
R-L47,
Z160
Wm Cloud (1621 Eng) 55
England
BURNS, CLOUD, CRUNK, RATTRAY, RHINEHART, ROGOV, STANTON, etc.
Kit – kit number with Family Tree DNA
Haplo – haplogroup (some proven with SNP, some estimated by STR)
Earliest known – earliest known ancestor
No. – number of people in the haplogroup
* Country – earliest known -- not all verified
Matches – matches in FTDNA database

12. Ancient Migration Routes
these are best guesses
based on the research of
archaelogists & anthropologists
who seek out and test
indigenous populations around the world
These cannot represent extinct people groups
or groups that haven’t been tested

13. Haplogroup I believed to have migrated
out of Africa into Scandinavia.

14. Haplogroup J believed to have migrated
out of Africa into NW Africa and Spain.

15. Haplogroup Q believed to have migrated
out of Africa into Siberia and the Americas
(Siberia, Eskimo-Aluet, Indigenous Americans).

16. Haplogroup R is believed to have migrated
out of Africa into Europe.
The men in our Project are R1b and allegedly
migrated into Western Europe.

17. Y Haplogroup Only Those maps reflect the Y-Haplogroups only,
– the direct patrilineal line –
which excludes most ancestors.
You have many other lines.
YOU PROBABLY HAVE ANCESTORS FROM ALL CONTINENTS.

18. HAPLOGROUPS 89% of the 66 men in our Y-Project are R1b and
most of those are R1b-U106 -> R1b-L48 -> R1b-L47
Haplo
CLOUD
not paternal CLOUDs
I-M253 1
I-M223 2
J-M92
N-M178
Q-M3
R-P25, R-M269 10 3
R-L48,
R-L47,
Z160 41
R-M312
I – 4 people
J – 1 person
N – 1 person
Q – 1 person
R – 59 people
( Technically, the non-paternal Clouds are not in our Project )

19. Haplogroup R In our Project
Cloud men in our Project in haplogroup R (51 total):
Haplogroup
Old name
Confirmed
Predicted
R-P25
R1b1 2
R-M269
R1b1a2 1 7
R-P311
R1b1a2a1a1
R-U106
R1b1a2a1a1a
R-L48
R1b1a2a1a1a4 3 26
R-L47
R1b1a2a1a1a4a
R-Z160
confirmed by SNP
predicted by STR

20. NAME CONFUSION Haplogroup names have changed
The number of SNPs is rapidly increasing
The position of the SNP in the tree can change
This resulted in a new naming convention

21. HAPLOGROUP NAMES Old New R1 R-M173 R1b R-M343 R1b1 R-P25 R1b1a R-P297
R1b1a2a
R-L23
R1b1a2a1
R-L150
R1b1a2a1a
R-L51
R1b1a2a1a1
R-P311
R1b1a2a1a1a
R-U106
R1b1a2a1a1a4
R-L48
Old naming convention made sense.
Our “William-the-immigrant” haplogroup was
previously called:
R1b1a2a1a1a4
SNPs changed position & new ones appeared.
How to identify them then?
The new convention is the major haplogroup followed by the SNP
For William, the haplogroup is R and the SNP is L48
R1b1a2a1a1a4 is now R-L48

22. Cross-Reference for R subset of the cross-reference at right
Example of changes over time:
M37 – R1b2 R1b1c1 R1b1b2a R1b1a2a1a1b4a

23. The R-tree is very large

24. Compressed tree subclades which do not apply Have been removed
(A subclade is a child haplogroup)
Green – confirmed for U106
Red – negative for U198 and L1.
Confirmed for L47 at 23andme – the violet line.
Others are confirmed for:
L47
Z160 ( I am Z159+ which = Z160 )
U106
L47
Z160
U198-
L1-

25. The Results Examine your matches Contact the ones that look promising
A different haplogroup means you’re not related
A different haplogroup can be irrelevant
May belong to a child haplogroup that isn’t listed
The FTDNA genetic distance estimate makes is easy

26. Y-STR matches

27. Use FTDNA matching eMail Tip
Use the FTDNA matching services to speed your research
Click on the TiP icon to see the probability of a relationship
Click on the icon to contact the person you match

28. Very likely Jason is Z160 also
Using FTDNA TiP
Z160 is downstream from L48
Very likely Jason is Z160 also
Genetic
Distance
Estimate

29. The Y-STR results

30. Y-STR allele values (repeats)
The Y-STR results
Y-STR allele values (repeats)
( DYS – DNA Y STR )
Haplogroup
predicted
confirmed
Difference defines family branch.
All male descendants will have it also.
Different haplogroups “should” mean a different family
The predicted haplogroup is limited by number of markers tested
The confirmed haplogroup is determined by the last SNP tested
At least one man in each family group should keep up with SNP testing and enhance to next level
All these men are in the same haplogroup

31. Remember this when you get confused.
The Basics
Take a DNA test
Review matches
Contact matches
Examine information received
Do traditional research
Be patient (new people testing every day)
Remember this when you get confused.