1. OTTOMAN EMPIRE “Sultanate of Women” (1566 – 1656)

3. SULTANATE OF WOMEN Selim II 1566-74 Murad III 1574-95 Mehmed III 1595-1603 Ahmed I 1603-17 Mustafa I 1617-18; 1622-23 Osman II 1618-22 Murad IV 1623-40 Ibrahim 1640-48 Mehmed IV 1648-87

4. Mustafa I (“The Mad”) 1617- 18 & 1622-23

5. Osman II (“The Young”) 1618- 22

6. Mustafa I (“The Mad”) 1617- 18 & 1622-23

7. Murad IV 1623-40

8. Kosem

9. Murad IV 1623-40

12. Ibrahim I (“The Mad”) 1640- 48

15. Kosem

16. Hatice Turhan

17. SULTANATE OF WOMEN Selim II (1566-74): Mihrimah (VS); Nurbanu (W) Murad III (1574-95): Nurbanu (VS); Safiye (W) Mehmed III (1595-1603): Safiye (VS) Ahmed I (1603-17): Kosem (W) Mustafa I (1617-18; 1622-23) Osman II (1618-22) Murad IV (1623-40): Kosem (VS) Ibrahim I (1640-48): Kosem (VS) Mehmed IV (1648-87): Kosem (senior VS); Hatice Turhan (VS)

20. Great Mosque of Umayyads (Damascus)

21. Tekkiye Mosque (Damascus)

22. Khan al-Shouneh (Aleppo)