1. FINAL REVIEW: ASTRONOMY
1. Which body in our solar system is classified as a star?
(1) Earth (2) Mars (3) Venus (4) Sun
2. The diagram below shows Earth, as viewed from space,
as it moves around the Sun.
*Base your answers to questions 5-7 the diagram
below which shows the position of Earth and four positions of the Moon during one orbit of Earth. X
5. On the diagram, draw an X to show where the
Sun would need to be located to create the Moon phases shown.
6. Which letter in the diagram shows the position
of the Moon when an observer on Earth sees a full
Moon?
7. What motion is represented by the arrows in
the diagram? _________________________
Approximately how long does it take Earth to move from
position A to position B?
(1) 1 year (2) 6 months (3) 1 day (4) 12 hours
3. The Sun appears to move across the sky during the
day. The best explanation for this apparent motion is
that Earth is:
(1) rotating on its axis. (2) revolving around the Sun.
(3) much smaller than the Sun. (4) tilted on its axis.
POSITION C
REVOLUTION

2. 8. A student drew pictures to show how the Moon
looked from Earth over a two-week period.
4. The diagram below shows a portion of the solar
system as seen from space. For which object is the
lighted surface shown incorrectly?
The differences shown in the student’s drawings
are mostly due to the changing
(1) distance between Earth and the Moon
(2) speed of the Moon in its orbit
(3) position of the Moon in its orbit
(4) position of the observer on Earth
9. The length of a year is equivalent to the time
it takes for one
(1) rotation of Earth
(2) rotation of the Sun
(3) revolution of Earth around the Sun
(4) revolution of the Sun around Earth
(1) Moon (3) Venus
(2) Mercury (4) Earth

3. 10. The diagram below shows Earth as seen from
space. Letters A through D are locations on Earth’s
surface.
14. The diagram below shows four objects and
their orbits around the Sun, as seen from space.
When Earth is in this position, which location
would experience the greatest number of day-
light hours?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
Which statement is true about all of the objects
shown in the diagram?
(1) They produce their own light.
(2) They belong to our solar system.
(3) They are composed mostly of gases.
(4) They are the same distance from the Sun.
11. The diagram below shows Earth as viewed
from space.
15. The diagram below shows four Moon phases observed during July.
Which season is occurring in the Northern
Hemisphere?
(1) summer (3) winter
(2) autumn (4) spring
On which date would the next New Moon occur?
(1) August (3) August 19
(2) August (4) August 29

4. 16. The streaks in the time-lapse photograph below show the apparent motion of the stars around the North Star during one hour.
12. Which statement best explains why the Sun &
the Moon appear to be about the same size in
the sky?
(1) The Sun & the Moon have the same diameter.
(2) The Moon is larger in diameter & farther from
Earth than the Sun.
(3) The Moon is smaller in diameter &is closer to
(4) The Sun &the Moon are the same distance from
Earth.
13. The Moon is visible from Earth because of
(1) reflected sunlight
(2) absorbed light from Earth’s atmosphere
(3) gases in the Moon’s interior
(4) volcanic eruptions on the Moon’s surface
This apparent motion of the stars can best be
explained by Earth’s
(1) rotation on its axis
(2) tilted axis
(3) revolution around the North Star
(4) changing distance from the North Star

5. THE LARGER THE MASS, THE LARGER THE GRAVITATIONAL PULL.
*Base your answers to questions on the diagram below. The diagram shows the relative strengths of the gravitational force for planets of different masses. The size of each planet represents the planet’s relative mass. The arrow length indicates the relative amount of gravitational pull that each planet would exert on an astronaut in space.
17. What is the relationship between the mass of the planets and the strength of their gravitational pull?
__________________________________________________________________________________
18. Which three planets shown have less gravitational pull than Earth?
(1) ____________________ (2) ____________________ (3) ____________________
THE LARGER THE MASS, THE LARGER THE GRAVITATIONAL PULL.
MERCURY
MARS
PLUTO

6. *Base your answers to questions on the partial map of the State of Wyoming below. The locations of Casper and Rawlins, Wyoming, are shown. X
19. Explain why sunrise in Casper occurs 4 minutes earlier than sunrise in Rawlins.
 ________________________________________________________________________________
20. On the map above, place an X to represent the location of Medicine Bow, Wyoming, (42° N, 106° W).
BECAUSE CASPER IF FURTHER EAST THAN RAWLINS. THE EARTH ROTATES
FROM WEST TO EAST.

7. _____________________________________
*Base your answers to questions on the diagram below, which shows Earth at one point in its orbit around the Sun. The length of daylight experienced at different latitudes on a given date is shown on the diagram.
21. Describe how the length of daylight changes from the Equator to the North Pole on the date shown.
_____________________________________
22. What season is beginning in the Northern Hemisphere?
__________________________________
23. Explain why the South Pole receives 24 hours of daylight on the date shown.
IT BECOMES LESS AS YOU MOVE NORTH.
WINTER BECAUSE IT IS TLITED AWAY FROM THE SUN.
IT IS TILTED INTO THE SUNS LIGHT.

8. 24. From Earth, an observer can view the phases of the Moon over time.
*Base your answers to questions on the diagram below. The diagram shows the Sun, Earth, and the Moon as seen from a point in space far above Earth’s North Pole. The shaded areas represent darkness. Point X represents a location on Earth’s surface.
24. From Earth, an observer can view the phases of the Moon
over time.
a. Circle the phase of the Moon that an observer at X would
see when the Sun, Earth, and the Moon are in the positions
shown in the diagram. Assume there is no eclipse at that time.
b. How long would it be until the Moon is in this phase again?
__________________________________
ABOUT A MONTH (29 ½ DAYS).
25. Identify one force that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun. __________________________
26. How long does it take for Earth to make one revolution around the Sun? ___________________
GRAVITY & INERTIA
ONE YEAR – 365 ¼ DAYS

9. *Base your answers to questions 27 - 29 on the information below.
The Moon orbits Earth in a regular and predictable motion.
27. Approximately how long does it take for one complete cycle of the Moon’s phases to occur? ________
28. What is the major force that keeps the Moon in its orbit around Earth? ___________________
29. Identify one observable event, other than the Moon’s phases, caused by the Moon orbiting Earth.
__________________________________________________________________________________
29 ½
DAYS
GRAVITY & INERTIA
TIDE CHANGES
30. The illustration below shows the Moon orbiting
Earth and Earth orbiting the Sun.
35. The Sun appears larger than other stars because of its
(1) yellow color
(2) high temperature
(3) distance from Earth
(4) chemical composition
36. In New York State, an observer will usually see the Sun rise in the
(1) north (3) east
(2) south (4) west
Which force is responsible for these orbiting
motions?
(1) friction (3) magnetism
(2) electricity (4) gravity

10. 31. What is one factor that contributes to
seasons occurring in New York State?
(1) the revolution of the Moon around Earth
(2) the tilt of Earth on its axis
(3) the rising and falling of ocean tides
(4) the distance of Earth from the Sun
32. The Moon has the greatest effect on Earth’s
(1) year (3) ocean tides
(2) seasons (4) daylight hours
33. The gravitational force between the Moon
And Earth depends on
(1) their masses, only
(2) their diameters, only
(3) their masses and how far apart they are
(4) their diameters and how far apart they are
34. The diagram below shows Earth as viewed from
space.
37. The gravitational force between two objects depends on the distance between the objects and each object’s
(1) mass (3) pressure
(2) volume (4) temperature
38. A full Moon is observed in Buffalo, New York, on June 1. Approximately when will the next full Moon be observed in Buffalo?
June (3) July 1
(2) June (4) July 7
39. The diagram below shows Earth at four locations in its orbit around the Sun.
What motion of Earth is represented by the arrow
in the diagram? ____________________
Which motion do the arrows in the diagram represent?
(1) Earth’s rotation (3) Earth’s revolution
(2) the Sun’s rotation (4) the Sun’s revolution
ROTATION

11. 40. On which date does North America usually experience the longest period of daylight?
(1) March (2) June (3) September (4) December 21
41. Which force keeps the planets in their orbits around the Sun?
(1) gravity (3) electricity
(2) magnetism (4) friction

12. 42. Why is there more daylight shown on the map south of the equator?
*Base your answers to questions on the map below. The shaded portion of the map indicates areas of night and the unshaded portion indicates areas of daylight at a certain hour on December 21.
42. Why is there more daylight shown on the map south of the equator?
__________________________________________________________________________________
43. Explain how the areas of daylight and night would be different if the map represented June 21 instead of December 21.
44. What type of coordinate system is represented by the horizontal and vertical lines shown on the map?
45. What causes the lighted portion on the map to move westward during the day represented? _______
_________________________________________________________________________________
ON DEC. 21ST , THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE IS HAVING SUMMER SO IT HAS MORE DAYLIGHT HOURS.
IT WOULD BE THE OPPOSITE.
LATITUDE & LONGITUDE
ROTATION OF THE EARTH.

13. 46. The diagram below shows the orbit of Halley’s Comet around the Sun
46. The diagram below shows the orbit of Halley’s Comet around the Sun. Earth’s orbit is also shown.
The only years shown in which Halley’s Comet could be viewed from Earth without the use of a telescope were 1910 and What is the next year in which Halley’s Comet will be visible from the Earth with- out the use of a telescope?
(1) (2) (3) (4) 2110

14. *Base your answers to questions 47-48 on the
diagram below. The diagram shows the position
of Earth in relation to the Sun on December 21,
which is the first day of winter in the Northern
Hemisphere. The shaded area represents the
portion of Earth experiencing nighttime.
NORTH POLE
47. The diagram to the right shows Earth in relation
to the Sun on June 21, which is the first day of
summer in the Northern Hemisphere. Draw
and label the positions of the North and South
Poles on the diagram.
SOUTH POLE
48. On the diagram to the right, shade the portion
of Earth experiencing nighttime on June 21.

15. Base your answers to questions 49-50 on the diagram below
*Base your answers to questions on the diagram below. The diagram represents the motion of the Moon around Earth as seen from above the North Pole. One position of the Moon in its orbit is shown.
49. Which Moon phase will usually be seen from Earth when the Moon is in this position?
50. The time it takes the Moon to revolve once around Earth is approximately one
(1) day (3) month
(2) week (4) year

16. X *Base your answers to questions 51-52 on
the map below. Points A & B are locations
on the map.
56. In the diagram below, the letters A-C represent three identical satellites and their distances from Earth. X
a. Which one would feel the strongest pull of Earths gravity?
_____________________________________________
b. Explain your answer in part a. ______________________
________________________________________________
c. Predict what might happen to satellite B if the forces acting on it become unbalanced.
LETTER A
IT IS CLOSER TO THE EARTH.
51. On the map above, place an X at
40° N 20° W.
52. Explain why location B will
experience sunrise before location A.
IT WOULD MOVE FROM ITS CURRENT POSITION.
IT IS FURTHER EAST.

17. 57. Label the diagram & fill in the blanks with facts for each date:
*Base your answers to questions 53-55
on the diagram below that shows Earth’s
revolution around the Sun. Letters A-D
represent the beginning of each season.
MARCH 21ST
JUNE 21ST
DEC 21ST
SEPT 21ST
June 21-__________________________________________
Sept. 21-__________________________________________   
Dec. 21-__________________________________________
March 21-_________________________________________
SUMMER SOLSTICE, 1ST DAY OF SUMMER, NORTH POLE 24 HRS DAY, LONGEST DAY, DIRECT SUN RAYS.
53. State one reason that Earth has seasons.
________________________________________
54. How much time would take it to go
from position D & return to position D?
55. Which season begins in the Northern
Hemisphere when Earth is at position A?
EARTHS TILT – 23 ½ DEGREES
FALL/AUTUMNAL EQUINOZ, 12 HRS. DAY & NIGHT
365 DAYS – 1 YEAR
WINTER SOLSTICE, 1ST DAY OF WINTER, NORTH POLE 24 HRS NIGHT, SHORTEST DAY, INDIRECT SUN RAYS.
SUMMER – JUNE 21ST
SPRING/VERNAL EQUINOZ, 12 HRS. DAY & NIGHT