1. Mars: Earth’s little brother

2. What are the similarities and differences you notice?

3. Mars’s axis is tilted at 25 deg. What are seasons on Mars like?

4. Mars’s axis tilt changes dramatically. What happens when the tilt is less/more?

5. Artist’s depiction of an ‘icy Mars’

6. Do the Earth and Mars have similar interiors? Why? How do we even know what’s inside a planet?

7. Atmospheres: Are they similar? Why? Nitrogen: 78% Oxygen: 21 % Argon: 0.9% Water: > 1% Carbon Doxide: 0.002% Carbon Doxide: 95.% Nitrogen: 3% Argon: 2% Oxygen: 0.1% Water: > 0.03% Constituents:

8. Is there water on Mars? Why or why not?

9. Mars’s south pole

10. Is there water on Mars? Why or why not?

11. Phase Diagram of Water Mars Earth Partial Pressure of Water Temperature

12. Is geology on Mars similar to that on Earth?

13. What kind of geologic processes can you see evidence for? Does this look like the Earth?

14. Notice any big impact craters?

15. Olympus Mons: The biggest volcano in the solar system

16. Is this similar to volcanoes on Earth?

17. Valles Marineris: The solar system’s biggest canyon

19. Our ‘grand’ canyon

20. Mars or Earth?

21. Columbia Hills, Mars Atacama Desert, Chile Mars or Earth?

23. Kilauea Volcanoe, HawaiiOlympus Mons, Mars

24. Mars or Earth?

25. Dubai, UAEEndurance Crater, Mars Mars or Earth?

26. What is the evidence for past water on Mars?

27. Mars or Earth?

28. Djado Plateau, NigerValles Marineris, Mars Mars or Earth?

30. Holden Crater NE, MarsLena Delta, Argentina

31. Mars or Earth?

32. Yemen Mars Mars or Earth?

34. Niger Mars Mars or Earth?

35. Seven minutes of terror Curiosity descent http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZX5GRPnd4U Google Mars

36. Mars: Take-away messages Although smaller than Earth, Mars and Earth are similar in many ways. Mars and Earth have similar interiors, although Mars has no liquid outer core, and so no magnetic field. Mars geology is/was formed by cratering, volcanism, tectonics and erosion by wind AND WATER! (Plate tectonics doesn’t seem to have been important) Mars’s atmosphere is very different from Earth’s - lower mass, and full of CO2. Mars’s small atmosphere and low temperature makes liquid water unstable at its surface (at least right now).

37. Percival Lowell’s Mars Lowell’s Map of Mar published in 1895

38. Viking’s Mars 1976