1. School and Achievement
Schools
Achievement
Careers, Work, and Retirement

2. Contemporary Approaches to Student Learning and Assessment
Schools
Contemporary Approaches to Student Learning and Assessment
Constructivist Approach: (Piaget)
Emphasizes child’s active construction of knowledge and understanding
Teacher provides support for students exploring their world and developing knowledge.
Social constructivist approaches: (Vygotsky)
Focuses on collaboration with others to produce knowledge and understanding.
Direct Instruction Approach:
Teacher-centered approach characterized by direction and control, mastery of academic material, maximum time spend on learning tasks, and high expectations of progress.

3. Accountability in Schools
No Child Left Behind:
Single score being used as sole predictor
Teaching to test; use of memorization
Tests don’t measure important skills like creativity
and social skills

4. Schools and Developmental Status
The child-centered kindergarten:
Emphasizes the whole child, physical, cognitive, socioemotional development
Needs, interests, and learning style
Emphasizes learning process
Montessori approach:
Teacher is facilitator
Children encouraged to be early decision makers
Fosters independence and cognitive development skills
De-emphasizes verbal interactions

5. High School Concerns about education and students:
Schools
High School
Concerns about education and students:
Graduate with inadequate skills
Enter college needing remediation classes

6. Trends in High School Dropout Rates
Schools
Trends in High School Dropout Rates
Year
Percent of 16- to 24-year-olds who have dropped out of school
2000
1992 10
1996
1988
1984
1980
1976 5 20 25 30 35 40 15
1972

7. Educating Children with Disabilities
Schools
Educating Children with Disabilities
Approximately 10 percent of children in the U.S. receive special education or related services
More than 40% have a learning disability

8. Diversity of Children Who Have A Disability

9. Learning Disabilities
Schools
Learning Disabilities
Learning disability characteristics:
A minimum IQ level
A significant difficulty in a school-related area
No other conditions, such as-
severe emotional disorders
second-language background
sensory disabilities
specific neurological deficits

10. Learning Disabilities
Schools
Learning Disabilities
Dyslexia
Severe impairment in ability to read and spell.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
Definitive causes unknown
Higher risk if a sibling already diagnosed
Medications are most common treatment
Other treatment recommendations vary

11. SES and Ethnicity in Schools
Low-income, ethnic minority children face more difficulties in school
School inequalities-
Schools in poor areas
underfunded
young inexperienced teachers
largely segregated
Inadequate opportunities for
effective learning

12. Work in Adolescence U.S. high school students-
Careers, Work, and Retirement
Work in Adolescence
U.S. high school students-
90% receive high school diplomas
75% work part-time and attend school
Most work hours per week
Most work in service jobs

13. Changing Percentages of Traditional & Dual-Career Couples
Careers, Work, and Retirement
Changing Percentages of Traditional & Dual-Career Couples