1. ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF FINANCE Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Dt.28-06-2011

2. ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF FINANCE  ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF FINANCE IS NOTHING BUT THINKING OUT OF BOX  WHY ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF FINANCE?  ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF FINANCE IS A PROCESS TO FIND OUT FINANCIAL SOLUTION BASED ON NEED OF BUSINESS Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi 1 Alternative Sources of Finance

3. DISCUSSION IS BASED ON MSME 74% ENTERPRISES BECOME SICK OUT OF TOTAL DISORDER INDUSTRIAL MSMEs ON ACCOUNT INADEQUATE OR MISMATCH OF FINANCE. 2009-10 PRIVATE EQUITY INVESTMENT DEEP BY 58% IN SMEs AND JUMPED 33% IN FIRST QUARTER Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance 2

4. Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance 3

5. Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance VENTURE CAPITAL / PRIVATE EQUITY 4

6. Alternative Sources of Finance  Leasing  FRANCHISING  FACTORING  FORFEITING  COMMERCIAL PAPERS  Purchase Order Funding  Loan Against Shares (LAS).  Structured Investments  Line Of credit Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance 5

7. LEASING  Lease – a rental agreement that extends for a year or more and involves a series of fixed payments  Leasing – similar to borrowing funds in order to purchase an asset  It is an agreement between 2 parties – the user (the lessee), the owner (the lessor). The lessor of an asset grants the lessee the right to its exclusive possession and use for a specific period and under specified conditions, in return for specified periodic rental or lease payments. The lessee acquires the use but not ownership, he binds himself to make periodic lease payments at stipulated intervals for a stated period. So, the lessor actually owns and is contracting out the services of the asset, retains title to and consequently ownership of that asset. Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance 6

8. TYPES OF LEASES According to the length of the lease period:  operating lease – short-term, the contract period much shorter than the economic life of an asset, is cancellable, after a set period an asset is returned to the lessor, rewards and risks of ownership stay with the owner.  financial lease – long-term relation between the lessor and the lessee; although legal ownership remains with the lessor, it virtually transfers all the rewards and risks to the lessee; covers a significant part of the economic life of the asset; generally cannot be cancelled; transfers ownership to the lessee by the end of the lease period; allows the lessee to purchase the asset at a price lower than the fair market value of the asset when the lease expires Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance 7

9. TYPES OF LEASES (CONTINUED) OTHER TYPES  direct leasing – the lessor purchases the property directly from the manufacturer and leases that property to the lessee  sale and leaseback agreement – a business sells an asset to a lessor and simultaneously enters into a lease contract to lease itback in order to raise finance and continues to use the asset  leveraged lease – has 3 parties involved: lessee, lessor, lender (supplies funds to the lessor to acquire an asset)  employee leasing – leasing company (professional employer organization) is the official employer, assumes responsibility for work, overseeing all HR-related functions Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance 8

10. FRANCHISING  Franchising – a method of expanding business on less capital than would otherwise be needed.  A franchisee pays a franchisor for the right to operate a local business, under the franchisor´s trade name. The franchisor will charge the franchisee an initial franchise fee and regular payments (usually a percentage of the franchisee´s turnover). Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance 9

11. FACTORING  Factoring – a method of raising short-term finance; a factor will manage the sales ledger of the business and will be prepared to advance sums to the business based on the amount of trade debtors outstanding;  means the selling of receivables to a financial institution so funds can be received earlier than the normal credit period;  the business can receive between 80-90% funding f the invoice amount Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance 10

12. TYPES OF FACTORING  notified/non-notified factoring – -notified - the debtor is informed that the debt has been purchased and requested to pay the factor directly -non-notified - the debtor is not informed  export/import factoring – -export – domestic companies (exporters) use the factor´s services in their country for international business -import – the use by foreign companies of factor´s services in domestic country Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance 11

13. FORFEITING  Forfeiting – similar to factoring, a method of trade finance allowing exporters to obtain cash by selling their medium term foreign accounts receivable at a discount  Forfeiter – a specialized finance firm or a bank department performing non-recourse export financing, virtually eliminates the risk of non-payment  Unlike factors, forfeiters typically work with the exporter who sells capital goods commodities, or large projects and needs to offer periods of credit from 180 days to up to 7 years Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance 12

14. COMMERCIAL PAPERS  a short-term unsecured „promissory“ note backed by the promise of the issuer to redeem the note at maturity,  sold on a discount basis like treasury bills; slightly higher return  limited secondary market of commercial papers Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance 13

15. Purchase Order Funding( Reverse Factoring) Purpose: Working Capital Type of Industry: Capital Goods / Long Production Process Products Modality of operation : Limit given to borrower based on its business cycle, type of product, clientele etc. bifurcated for certain selected customers On receipt of the confirmed order from identified customers, 40% of the PO amount will be funded to borrower. On completion of production and generation of invoice, additional 30% - 40% of the PO amount will be further released to borrower against accepted invoice from selected clients. The payment from clientele will be received directly to NBFC / Bank, which will be transferred to borrower after deduction of requisite charges. Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance 14

16. Loan Against Shares (LAS). NBFC can fund promoters / holding companies by way of a loan against the security of listed scrips. The loan amount will be primarily based on trading volume of the scrip, its market price observed for a time period and the corresponding quantum of shares offered as security. Key Features : Offers liquidity without having to liquidate holdings The borrower continues to avail the ownership benefits like dividends, bonus, rights etc. Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance 15

17. Structured Investments NBFC believes in India Inc’s growth story and they are willing to place their bets on promising businesses. Their investments can be structured as either direct equity or mezzanine capital, the latter being in the form of preference shares, convertible bonds or non convertible debentures, based on CUSTOMER needs for capital alongside maintaining a healthy debt equity balance. Key features are: It is in the form of either direct or mezzanine capital,which Can be structured to meet company ‘s specific needs – Common stock, preferred stock, convertible bonds, etc Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance 16

18. Line Of credit-Exim Bank - Procedural flow chart 1.Exim Bank signs agreement with Borrower and announces when effective. 2.Exporter checks procedures and Service fee with Exim Bank and negotiates contract with Importer. 3.Importer consults borrower and signs contract with exporter. 4.Borrower approves contract. 5.Exim Bank approves contract and advises borrower and also exporter and commercial bank. 6.Exporter ships goods. 7.Commercial bank negotiates shipping documents and pays exporter. 8.Exim Bankreimburses Commercial bank on receipt of claim by debit to borrower. 9.Borrower repays Exim Bank on due date. Eligible Goods Capital goods, plant and machinery, industrial manufactures, consumer durables and any other items eligible for being exported under the 'Exim Policy' of the Government of India. Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance 17

19. Source : E-Net 6Feb07 - Raising Money from Alternative Sources Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance 18

20. Source : E-Net 6Feb07 - Raising Money from Alternative Sources Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance 19

21. Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance 20

22. Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi CASE STUDY - 1 Alternative Sources of Finance 21

23. Case Study  Acumenfund  Grofin  E+Co  Root capital  REEEP Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance 22

24. Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi Alternative Sources of Finance VENTURE CAPITAL / PRIVATE EQUITY Venture Capital /Private Equity is accessed by high growth potential, innovative and dynamic professional companies. 23

25. Following are the major difference between Private Equity and Venture Capital: Private EquityVenture Capital  Private equity funds prefer investments to ongoing businesses at later stages of growth via mezzanine or expansion financing. Private equity funds seek companies, which have reached a certain size (revenues exceeding $10m in Turkey), enjoy high operating profit, realise rapid growth, hold considerable market share, and create significant entry barriers in their sectors.  Seed, Start-up or Early Stage Companies with a business or product development plan are generally financed by venture capital funds Alternative Sources of Finance Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi 24

26. Considering the growth stage of companies and their financing reasons, the financial partnership investments can be made at different stages, like:  Seed Financing  Start-up Financing  Early Stage Financing  Expansion Financing  Mezzanine Financing  LBO  MBO These stages sometimes mark the distinction between Venture Capital and Private Equity Investments. Companies, that cannot realise profitable investment opportunities because of lack of funding and those are financially distressed but operationally viable, are attractive candidates for financial investments. The value created can be shared between the investors and investee. Alternative Sources of Finance Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi 25

27. Minimum Size of Opportunity which may attract Private Equity Investor? Alternative Sources of Finance Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi 26

28. Private-equity investing is not easily accessible for the average investor. Most private-equity firms typically look for investors who are willing to commit as much as $25 million. Although some firms have dropped their minimums to $5 million, this is still out of reach for most people. Alternative Sources of Finance Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi 27

29. Accretion is focusing on later stage private equity transactions requiring an equity investment of up to $10m. This typically equates to an enterprise value of between $10m and $50m and provides an equity interest of between 20% and 80% in the investee. Following are the parameters require to attract Private Equity Investor:  Turnover greater than or equal to Rs. 50 Crores (INR) / $10 million (USD)  EBIDTA greater than or equal to 18%  IRR greater than or equal to 22%  Shares Dilution greater than or equal to 20%  Business must have scalability Alternative Sources of Finance Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi 28

30. Presented by CA Pradip. K. Modi THANK YOU CA PRADIP K. MODI A-411, Safal Pegasus, Nr. Prahalad Nagar Garden, 100 Ft Road, Anand Nagar Road, Prahalad Nagar, Ahmedabad. Phone no : +91-79-40065204 Fax : +91-79-40067203 Email : capkmodi@gmail.com Alternative Sources of Finance