1. January 15, 20151 Mobile Computing COE 446 GSM Tarek Sheltami KFUPM CCSE COE http://faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/coe/tarek/coe446.htm Principles of Wireless Networks K. Pahlavan and P. Krishnamurth

2. January 15, 20152 Outline GSM Registration Mobile initiated and terminated calls GSM bands Normal burst Frequency correction burst Synchronization burst Random access burst Packet of voice, data and signaling traffic GSM frame structure

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7. 7 Global System for Mobile Communications Bands GSM bands: 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz Dual-band 850/900 MHz Tri-Band 900/1800/1900 MHz Quad-band 850/900/1800/1900 MHz 25 MHz for each direction divided into 124 channels of 200 kHz with 100 kHz band at the two edges Each carrier supports 8 time slots for TDMA operation Data rate carrier is 270.833 kbps Duration of each bit is 3.69 μs The user transmission packet burst is fixed at 557 μs Burst size * bit duration (156.25 bits*3.69μs)

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9. 9 Normal Burst 3 bits (zeros) TBs at the beginning and the end of the packet: To ramp on and off the radiated power and initiate the convolutional decoding of the data Equivalent to 8.25 bits for GP Two sets of 58 bits (encrypted), includes two flags bits at the end of each part of the data 26 bits training sequence, is used to train the adaptive equalizer at the receiver

10. January 15, 201510 Frequency Correction Burst 3 bits (zeros) TBs at the beginning and the end of the packet The rest of the packet contains all zeros to allow simple transmission of the carrier frequency without any modulated info Equivalent to 8.25 bits for GP The BS broadcast the FB and MTs use it to synchronize with the master clock in the system

11. January 15, 201511 Synchronization Burst 3 bits (zeros) TBs at the beginning and the end of the packet The 2*39 bits coded data are used for the specific task of identifying the network Equivalent to 8.25 bits for GP The BS broadcast the SB and MTs use it for initial training of the equalizer as well as in initial learning of the network identity and to synchronize time slots.

12. January 15, 201512 Random Access Burst Long start-up and synchronization sequence is used to initiate the equalizer Long GP to allow rough calculation of the distance of the MT from the BTS The RAB is used by MTs to access the BS as it registers to the network

13. January 15, 201513 Packets of Voice Traffic The 456-bit packets are formed from the speech signal Each 20 ms of the coded speech at 13 kbps forms a 260-bit packet The first 50 most significant bits receives a 3-bit CRC code protection first, and then they are added to the second group of 132 bits with lower importance and a 4-bit tail that is all zeros The resulting 132 + 53 + 4 = 189 bits are then encoded with a ½ convolutional encoder that doubles number of bits to 378 The convolutional code provides for error correction capabilities The 378 coded bits are added to the 78 least important speech- coded bits to form a 456 bits packet every 20 ms

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15. January 15, 201515 Packets of Voice Traffic Three classes of speech coded bits The first class of 50 bits receives both CRC error detection and the rate ½ convolutional error correcting coding protection The second 132 bits receive only the convolutional encoding protection The last 78 bits receives no protection Therefore, the speech coder can protect the more important bits representing larger values of voltages by assigning them into different categories

16. January 15, 201516 Packets of Data Traffic The formation of the 456 bit packets for 9,600 bps data The 192 bits of information are accompanied by 48 bits of signaling information and 4 tail bits to form a 244 bits packet that is then expanded to 456 bits using a ½ rate punctured convolutional encoder Punctured coding can eliminate the need for doubling the number of transmitted bits by eliminating (puncturing) a certain number of bits The resulting 456 bits are turned to NBs similar to the speech packets

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18. January 15, 201518 Packets of Signaling Channel Signaling channels using the NB as the channel over- the-air-interface use 184 signaling bits to convey the signaling message These bits are first block coded with 40 additional parity check bits and 4 tail bits to form a 228-bits block The 228-bits block is then coded with a ½ rate convolutional encoder to form a 456 bits packet occupying a 20 ms slot that is turned to a burst for transmission

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