1. Unit 14: Who were the ancient Greeks?

2. 1500 1000 500 0 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 4000 BC AD 1666: The Great Fire of London 55 BC - 400 AD: Roman Britain 3500 2000 790- 1060s: The Viking Age 3100 BC – 1069 BC: Ancient Egypt When and where was ancient Greece? Unit 14: Who were the ancient Greeks? 1000 BC – 323 BC: Ancient Greece

3. When and where was ancient Greece? Unit 14: Who were the ancient Greeks? Greece is a country in Europe. Click on the map to have a closer look. Greece In Greece, would it be easier to travel by sea or by land?

4. Unit 14: Who were the ancient Greeks? What do these pictures tell us about the landscape and the climate of Greece?

5. Where were Athens and Sparta? Unit 14: Who were the ancient Greeks? Athens was a city state by the sea. The people of Athens were well educated and liked to trade with other cities and countries. Sparta was an inland city state. They had a large powerful army. They were suspicious of outsiders and didn’t like to trade.

6. Match the phrases to the correct city Unit 14: Who were the ancient Greeks? AthensSparta Visitors are welcome No visitors please Our king makes all the decisions Our citizens vote on laws and decisions We educate our children in schools Our children learn to be soldiers Reading is important We like to trade Trade is not allowed No books here

7. What made ancient Greek fighters so powerful? Unit 14: Who were the ancient Greeks? Helmet with face guard and plume Wooden circular shield Bronze chest armour Greaves (leg armour) Long spear Greek warriors were known as hoplites. They fought in groups called phalanxes.

8. Unit 14: Who were the ancient Greeks? Rowers below deck Group of hoplites Bronze battering ram Three rows of oars Sail Greek warships were known as triremes. The name trireme means ‘a ship with three rows of oars’. Long slim hull for speed What made ancient Greek fighters so powerful?

9. Was the battle of Marathon a great victory for the ancient Greeks? Unit 14: Who were the ancient Greeks? Yes, it was a great victory for us. Even though the Persian army was much bigger than ours, we managed to stop them from invading our city We won the battle because we were better organised than the Persians. Our soldiers stuck together and stayed in formation. The Persian soldiers panicked and ran in all directions. Sparta refused to help us, but winning this battle gave us confidence that we can defend ourselves without help from Sparta or anyone else.

10. Unit 14: Who were the ancient Greeks? Was the battle of Marathon a great victory for the ancient Greeks? After the Athenian army had defeated the Persians at the battle of Marathon they sent a runner to Athens to tell the people that they had won, and that their city was safe. The distance from Marathon to Athens was just over 26 miles. The runner managed to get back to Athens in 3 hours, but when he got there, he was so exhausted from the run that he only just managed to give the message to the people of Athens, and then he died. This is remembered nowadays in the term ‘Marathon’, meaning a 26 mile run.

11. Unit 14: Who were the ancient Greeks? Who did the ancient Greeks worship and why? The ancient Greeks built many temples for the different gods they believed in. Look at the pictures. What do these buildings tell us about how the Greeks felt about their gods?

12. Who did the ancient Greeks worship and why? Unit 14: Who were the ancient Greeks? AphroditeGoddess of beauty and love. ApolloGod of the sun. AresGod of war. ArtemisGoddess of hunting and the moon. AthenaGoddess of wisdom. DemeterGoddess of agriculture. HadesGod of the dead and the underworld. HephaestusGod of fire. HeraGoddess of marriage and the family. HermesMessenger of the gods. PoseidonGod of the sea. ZeusKing of the gods.

13. Unit 14: Who were the ancient Greeks? What happened at the theatre? The theatre was an important part of ancient Greek life. Plays were performed which told stories of the lives of the gods, or of the adventures of Greek heroes. There were also comedies and tragedies. Here are some examples of the masks worn by ancient Greek actors:

14. Here is a picture of an ancient Greek theatre Unit 14: Who were the ancient Greeks? seating stage backstage area Why do you think the theatres were built in this shape?