1. P. Grutter Contacting the Nanoworld Peter Grutter Physics Department McGill University NSERC, FCAR, CIAR, McGill, IBM, CIHR, GenomeQuebec, CFI, NanoQuebec

2. P. Grutter

4. Molecular electronics: the issues Contacts Structure-function relationship between transport process and molecular structure Dissipation Crosstalk (interconnects) Architecture I-O with a trillion processors Fault tolerance Manufacturing costs

5. P. Grutter Does atomic structure of the contact matter? YES !

6. P. Grutter Does atomic structure of the contact matter? Mehrez, Wlasenko, et al., Phys. Rev. B 65, 195419 (2002)

7. P. Grutter Comparison of Experimental and Modeling Results Mehrez, Wlasenko, et al., Phys. Rev. B 65, 195419 (2002)

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9. Low-T UHV STM/AFM/FIM 140K, 10 -11 mbar quick change between FIM - AFM/STM mode Stalder, Ph.D. Thesis 1995 Cross et al. PRL 80, 4685 (1998) Schirmeisen et al. NJP 2, 29.1 (2000)

10. P. Grutter Field Ion Microscopy (FIM) E. Muller, 1950’s

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12. FIM of W(111) tip Imaging at 5.0 kV

13. P. Grutter FIM of W(111) tip Imaging at 5.0 kV Manipulating at 6.0 kV

14. P. Grutter FIM of W(111) tip Imaging at 5.0 kV Manipulating at 6.0 kV

15. P. Grutter FIM of W(111) tip Imaging at 5.0 kV Manipulating at 6.0 kV

16. P. Grutter Single Au atom on W(111) tip Imaged at 2.1 KV

17. P. Grutter W(111) tip on Au(111) Cross et al. PRL 80, 4685 (1998) Schirmeisen et al, NJP 2, 29.1 (2000 )

18. P. Grutter Molecular Dynamics Simulations U. Landman et al, Science 248, 454 (1990)

19. P. Grutter W(111) trimer tip on Au(111) E ad = 21 eV  = 0.2 nm

20. P. Grutter Tip relaxation effects Hofer, Fisher, Wolkow and Grutter Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 236104 (2001) W tip on Au(111) surface

21. P. Grutter Tip relaxation effects Hofer, Fisher, Wolkow and Grutter Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 236104 (2001) W tip on Au(111) surface

22. P. Grutter F(z) and I(z) of W(111) trimer on Au(111) Schirmeisen et al, NJP 2, 29.1 (2000 )

23. P. Grutter Yan Sun, Sarah Burke Henrik Mortensn

24. P. Grutter Self-assembled quantum dots 50 nm diameter InAs Qdots grown on 10 nm InP and a InGaAs 2DEG Sample grown at NRC IMS J. Levebvre, P. Poole, R. Williams et al J. Crystal Growth (2002)

25. P. Grutter First results of cryogenic electrostatic force spectroscopy R. Stomp, Y. Miyahara S. Studenkin (NRC) A. Sachrajda (NRC)

26. P. Grutter distance tipgap2DEGQdot

27. P. Grutter distance tipgap2DEGQdot Force between capacitor plates

28. P. Grutter E distance tipgap InP InAs InGaAs 2DEGQdot Force between capacitor plates

29. P. Grutter E distance tipgap InP InAs InGaAs 2DEGQdot Electrical potential applied between tip and 2DEG

30. P. Grutter E distance tipgap InP InAs InGaAs 2DEGQdot Electrical potential applied between tip and 2DEG

31. P. Grutter E distance tipgap InP InAs InGaAs 2DEGQdot 30-50 nm Electrical potential lever arm can be tuned by: applied V tip-sample tip-sample separation sample structure

32. P. Grutter Contacting a nano-dot with a Au wire M. Pumarol S. Studenkin (NRC IMS)

33. P. Grutter Stimulation of Single Ligand-Gated Ion Channels Natural Process: Synaptic Transmission Goal: To study channel gating kinetics and binding forces, while maintaining precise control of agonist location. Experiment: Ligand-functionalized AFM tip

34. P. Grutter N. Cameron, B. Lennox (McGill) Tethering Scheme: GABA v.s. GABOB Is it possible to tether a molecule of GABA without destroying its functionality?

35. P. Grutter Tethering Scheme: Polymer Linker Au -S-(CH 2 ) 12 -(O-CH 2 -CH 2 ) 23 -O-GABOB {alkanethiol} {PEO} Colloid simulates the AFM tip Keeps the colloid complex soluble (?)

36. P. Grutter Planar Patch-Clamp Chips Advanced microstructuring techniques are used to produce apertures in planar glass or quartz substrates. Low noise recordings have been realized from both artificial lipid bilayers and whole cells. Fertig et. al. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2001 Oct;64(4-1):040901.

37. P. Grutter F(z) as a function of pulling speed Clausen-Schaumann et al., Current Opinions in Chem. Biol. 4, 524 (2000) Merkel et al., Nature 397, (1999) Allows the determination of energy barriers and thus is a direct measure of the energy landscape in conformational space. Evans, Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct., 30, 105 (2001)

38. P. Grutter Loading Rate Dependent Unbinding: Most probable unbinding force: Ligand-receptor dissociation forces and rates depend on the rate at which the bond is ruptured!!! Distinct binding states can be identified from a force v.s. loading rate plot. Good review: Evans, E. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 2001. 30:105-28.

39. P. Grutter Summary Tools, both experimental and theoretical, drive our capabilities to understand the nanoworld! We develop and apply SPM techniques to interface to: 1. Molecules 2. Quantum dots 3. Neurons

40. P. Grutter Supported by NSERC, FCAR, CIAR, NanoQuebec CFI, IBM, GenomeQuebec, CIHR McGill Dawson Scholarship 14 graduate students, 6 post doctoral fellows

41. P. Grutter